therapeuticЮжно-Российский журнал терапевтической практикиSouth Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice2712-81563033-8344РостГМУ10.21886/2712-8156-2021-2-1-24-31therapeutic-120Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРоль нейроваскулярного конфликта в патогенезе классической невралгии тройничного нерва и динамика подходов к его визуализацииThe role of neurovascular conflict in the pathogenesis of classical trigeminal neuralgia and the dynamics of approaches to its visualizationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9967-4405БалязинаЕ. В.BaliazinaE. V.

Балязина Елена Викторовна - доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры неврологии и нейрохирургии.

Ростов-на-Дону

Elena V. Balyazina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery.

Rostov-on-Don

ebaliazina@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5822-1178ЕвусякО. М.EvusyakO. M.

Евусяк Оксана Михайловна - аспирант кафедры неврологии и нейрохирургии.

Ростов-на-Дону

Oxana M. Evusyak, PhD student of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery.

Rostov-on-Don

pionerka.06@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8381-8876БалязинВ. А.BaliazinV. A.

Балязин Виктор Александрович, доктор медицинских наук, проф., заведующий кафедрой нервных болезней и нейрохирургии.

Ростов-на-Дону

Viktor A. Balyazin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery.

Rostov-on-Don

balyazin.victor@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3839-7253КадянН. Г.KadyanN. G.

Кадян Норайр Грачяевич - аспирант кафедры неврологии и нейрохирургии.

Ростов-на-Дону

Norayr G. Kadyan, PhD student of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery.

Rostov-on-Don

nor.kadian@gmail.comФГБОУ ВО Ростовский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава РоссииРоссияRostov State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202124032021212431Copyright © Балязина Е.В., Евусяк О.М., Балязин В.А., Кадян Н.Г., 20212021Балязина Е.В., Евусяк О.М., Балязин В.А., Кадян Н.Г.Baliazina E.V., Evusyak O.M., Baliazin V.A., Kadyan N.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.therapeutic-j.ru/jour/article/view/120

В тематическом обзоре представлены и проанализированы различные точки зрения на служащие фундаментом в развитии классической невралгии тройничного нерва топографо-атомические особенности расположения корешка тройничного нерва и верхней мозжечковой артерии. Рассматриваются диагностические возможности магнитнорезонансной томографии в распознавании нейроваскулярного конфликта как основополагающего элемента заболевания. В хронологическом аспекте освещён поиск диагностических критериев, отличающих нейроваскулярный конфликт от нейроваскулярного контакта благодаря совершенствованию выполнения МРТ и новым техническим возможностям её трактовки. Описаны возможности мультиспиральной рентгенкомпьютерной ангиографии в режиме 3D как альтернативный метод диагностики нейроваскулярного конфликта.

The thematic review discusses various points of view on the topographic and atomic features of the location of the root of the trigeminal nerve and the superior cerebellar artery that serve as the foundation for the development of classical trigeminal neuralgia. The diagnostic capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging in the recognition of neurovascular conflict as the pathogenetic basis of the disease are considered. The search for diagnostic criteria that distinguish neurovascular conflict from neurovascular contact by improving both the performance of MRI and the new technical possibilities of its interpretation is highlighted in the chronological aspect. The possibilities of multispiral X-ray computed angiography in 3D mode as an alternative method for diagnosing neurovascular conflict are described.

нейровизуализация в диагностике тригеминальной невралгииневралгия тройничного нерванейроваскулярный конфликтeuroimaging in the diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgiatrigeminal neuralgianeurovascular conflictReferencesDandy W.E. Concerning the cause of trigeminal neuralgia. Amer J Surg. 1934;24:447-455. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9610(34)90403-7Dandy W.E. Concerning the cause of trigeminal neuralgia. Amer J Surg. 1934;24:447-455. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9610(34)90403-7Gardner W.J., Miklos M.V. Response of trigeminal neuralgia to decompression of sensory root; discussion of cause of trigeminal neuralgia. J Am Med Assoc. 1959;170(15):1773-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.1959.03010150017004.Gardner W.J., Miklos M.V. Response of trigeminal neuralgia to decompression of sensory root; discussion of cause of trigeminal neuralgia. J Am Med Assoc. 1959;170(15):1773-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.1959.03010150017004.Gardner WJ. Concerning the mechanism of trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. J Neurosurg. 1962;19(6):947-958. doi: 10.3171/jns.1962.19.11.0947Gardner WJ. Concerning the mechanism of trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. J Neurosurg. 1962;19(6):947-958. doi: 10.3171/jns.1962.19.11.0947Jannetta PJ. Arterial compression of the trigeminal nerve at the pons in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurosurg. 1967;26:159-162. doi: 10.3171/jns.1967.26.1part2.0159Jannetta PJ. Arterial compression of the trigeminal nerve at the pons in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurosurg. 1967;26:159-162. doi: 10.3171/jns.1967.26.1part2.0159Jannetta PJ. Neurovascular compression in cranial nervi and systemic disease. Ann Surg. 1980;192(4):518-525. doi: 10.1097/00000658-198010000-00010Jannetta PJ. Neurovascular compression in cranial nervi and systemic disease. Ann Surg. 1980;192(4):518-525. doi: 10.1097/00000658-198010000-00010Jannetta PJ. Microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root entry zone: theoretical considerations, operative anatomy, surgical techniques, and results. In: Trigeminal neuralgia. R.I. Rovit, R. Murali, PJ. Jannetta, eds. Baltimore, Md: Williams&Wilkins;1990:201-222. ISBN 0683073931Jannetta PJ. Microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root entry zone: theoretical considerations, operative anatomy, surgical techniques, and results. In: Trigeminal neuralgia. R.I. Rovit, R. Murali, PJ. Jannetta, eds. Baltimore, Md: Williams&Wilkins;1990:201-222. ISBN 0683073931Оглезнев К.Я., Григорян Ю.А., Шестрериков С.А. Патофизиологические механизмы возникновения и методы лечения лицевых болей. Новосибирск; Наука, 1990:190. ISBN 5-02-029226-5.Оглезнев К.Я., Григорян Ю.А., Шестрериков С.А. Патофизиологические механизмы возникновения и методы лечения лицевых болей. Новосибирск; Наука, 1990:190. ISBN 5-02-029226-5.Ashkan K., Marsh H. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly: a review of the safety and efficacy. Neurosurgery. 2004;55(4):840-884. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000137660.06337.c5Ashkan K., Marsh H. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly: a review of the safety and efficacy. Neurosurgery. 2004;55(4):840-884. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000137660.06337.c5Broggi G., Ferroli P., Franzini A., Servello D., Dones I. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: comments on a series of 250 cases, including 10 patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;68(1):59-64. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.68.1.59Broggi G., Ferroli P., Franzini A., Servello D., Dones I. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: comments on a series of 250 cases, including 10 patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;68(1):59-64. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.68.1.59Broggi G., Ferroli P., Franzini A., Nazzi V., Farina L., La Mantia L. et al. Operative findings and outcomes of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in 35 patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Neurosurgery. 2004;55(4):830-8. PMID: 15458591.Broggi G., Ferroli P., Franzini A., Nazzi V., Farina L., La Mantia L. et al. Operative findings and outcomes of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in 35 patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Neurosurgery. 2004;55(4):830-8. PMID: 15458591.Gandolfi A., Salvinelli F., Greco F., Casale M., D'Ascanio L. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: a simple and effective transposition method using synthetic adhesive. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2005;107(5):439-40. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.09.023Gandolfi A., Salvinelli F., Greco F., Casale M., D'Ascanio L. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: a simple and effective transposition method using synthetic adhesive. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2005;107(5):439-40. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.09.023Mendoza N., Illingworth R.D. Trigeminal neuralgia treated by microvascular decompression: a long-term follow-up study. Br J Neurosurg. 1995;9(1):13-9. PMID: 7786420.Mendoza N., Illingworth R.D. Trigeminal neuralgia treated by microvascular decompression: a long-term follow-up study. Br J Neurosurg. 1995;9(1):13-9. PMID: 7786420.Sun S.Y., Yin J.Z., Qiu L.L. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. Chin Med J (Engl). 1994;107(4):286-8. PMID: 8088197.Sun S.Y., Yin J.Z., Qiu L.L. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. Chin Med J (Engl). 1994;107(4):286-8. PMID: 8088197.Sun T., Saito S., Nakai O., Ando T. Long-term results of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia with reference to probability of recurrence. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1994;126(2-4):144-8. doi: 10.1007/BF01476425Sun T., Saito S., Nakai O., Ando T. Long-term results of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia with reference to probability of recurrence. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1994;126(2-4):144-8. doi: 10.1007/BF01476425Tashiro H., Kondo A., Aoyama I., Nin K., Shimotake K., Nishioka T. et al. Trigeminal neuralgia caused by compression from arteries transfixing the nerve. Report of three cases. J Neuro-surg. 1991;75(5):783-6. doi: 10.3171/jns.1991.75.5.0783Tashiro H., Kondo A., Aoyama I., Nin K., Shimotake K., Nishioka T. et al. Trigeminal neuralgia caused by compression from arteries transfixing the nerve. Report of three cases. J Neuro-surg. 1991;75(5):783-6. doi: 10.3171/jns.1991.75.5.0783Weidmann M.J. Trigeminal neuralgia. Surgical treatment by microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root. Med J Aust. 1979;2(12):628-30. PMID: 537548.Weidmann M.J. Trigeminal neuralgia. Surgical treatment by microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root. Med J Aust. 1979;2(12):628-30. PMID: 537548.Zakrzewska J.M., Coakham H.B. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: update. Curr Opin Neurol. 2012;25(3):296-301. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e328352c465.Zakrzewska J.M., Coakham H.B. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: update. Curr Opin Neurol. 2012;25(3):296-301. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e328352c465.Lee S.H., Levy E.I., Scarrow A.M., Kassam A., Jannetta PJ. Recurrent trigeminal neuralgia attributable to veins after microvascular decompression. Neurosurgery. 2000;46(2):356-61. doi: 10.1097/00006123-200002000-00019Lee S.H., Levy E.I., Scarrow A.M., Kassam A., Jannetta PJ. Recurrent trigeminal neuralgia attributable to veins after microvascular decompression. Neurosurgery. 2000;46(2):356-61. doi: 10.1097/00006123-200002000-00019Barker F.G. 2nd, Jannetta P.J., Babu R.P., Pomonis S., Bis-sonette D.J., Jho H.D. Long-term outcome after operation for trigeminal neuralgia in patients with posterior fossa tumors. J Neurosurg. 1996;84(5):818-25. doi: 10.3171/jns.1996.84.5.0818Barker F.G. 2nd, Jannetta P.J., Babu R.P., Pomonis S., Bis-sonette D.J., Jho H.D. Long-term outcome after operation for trigeminal neuralgia in patients with posterior fossa tumors. J Neurosurg. 1996;84(5):818-25. doi: 10.3171/jns.1996.84.5.0818Barker F.G. 2nd, Jannetta PJ., Bissonette D.J., Larkins M.V., Jho H.D. The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. N EnglJ Med. 1996;334(17):1077-83. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199604253341701Barker F.G. 2nd, Jannetta PJ., Bissonette D.J., Larkins M.V., Jho H.D. The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. N EnglJ Med. 1996;334(17):1077-83. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199604253341701Kitt C.A., Gruber K., Davis M., Woolf C.J., Levine J.D. Trigeminal neuralgia: opportunities for research and treatment. Pain. 2000;85(1-2):3-7. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00310-3Kitt C.A., Gruber K., Davis M., Woolf C.J., Levine J.D. Trigeminal neuralgia: opportunities for research and treatment. Pain. 2000;85(1-2):3-7. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00310-3Kuncz A., Mencser Z., Voros E., Bodosi M. Management of trigeminal neuralgia by microvascular decompression. Orv Hetil. 1997;138(33):2051-5. PMID: 9304096.Kuncz A., Mencser Z., Voros E., Bodosi M. Management of trigeminal neuralgia by microvascular decompression. Orv Hetil. 1997;138(33):2051-5. PMID: 9304096.Haines S.J., Martinez A.J., Jannetta PJ. Arterial cross compression of the trigeminal nerve at the pons in trigeminal neuralgia. Case report with autopsy findings. J Neurosurg. 1979;50(2):257-9. doi: 10.3171/jns.1979.50.2.0257Haines S.J., Martinez A.J., Jannetta PJ. Arterial cross compression of the trigeminal nerve at the pons in trigeminal neuralgia. Case report with autopsy findings. J Neurosurg. 1979;50(2):257-9. doi: 10.3171/jns.1979.50.2.0257Haines S.J., Jannetta P.J., Zorub D.S. Microvascular relations of the trigeminal nerve. An anatomical study with clinical correlation. J Neurosurg. 1980;52(3):381-6. doi: 10.3171/jns.1980.52.3.0381Haines S.J., Jannetta P.J., Zorub D.S. Microvascular relations of the trigeminal nerve. An anatomical study with clinical correlation. J Neurosurg. 1980;52(3):381-6. doi: 10.3171/jns.1980.52.3.0381Hardy D.G., Peace D.A., Rhoton A.L. Jr. Microsurgical anatomy of the superior cerebellar artery. Neurosurgery. 1980;6(1):10-28. doi: 10.1227/00006123-198001000-00002Hardy D.G., Peace D.A., Rhoton A.L. Jr. Microsurgical anatomy of the superior cerebellar artery. Neurosurgery. 1980;6(1):10-28. doi: 10.1227/00006123-198001000-00002Hamlyn PJ. Neurovascular relationships in the posterior cranial fossa, with special reference to trigeminal neuralgia. 2. Neurovascular compression of the trigeminal nerve in cadaveric controls and patients with trigeminal neuralgia: quantification and influence of method. Clin Anat. 1997;10(6):380-8. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2353(1997)10:6<380::AID-CA2>3.0.C0;2-T.Hamlyn PJ. Neurovascular relationships in the posterior cranial fossa, with special reference to trigeminal neuralgia. 2. Neurovascular compression of the trigeminal nerve in cadaveric controls and patients with trigeminal neuralgia: quantification and influence of method. Clin Anat. 1997;10(6):380-8. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2353(1997)10:6<380::AID-CA2>3.0.C0;2-T.Rhoton A.L. Jr. The cerebellar arteries. Neurosurgery. 2000;47(3 Suppl):S29-68. doi: 10.1097/00006123-200009001-00010Rhoton A.L. Jr. The cerebellar arteries. Neurosurgery. 2000;47(3 Suppl):S29-68. doi: 10.1097/00006123-200009001-00010Guclu B., Sindou M., Meyronet D., Streichenberger N., Simon E., Mertens P. Cranial nerve vascular compression syndromes of the trigeminal, facial and vago-glossopharyngeal nerves: comparative anatomical study of the central myelin portion and transitional zone; correlations with incidences of corresponding hyperactive dysfunctional syndromes. Acta Neuro-chir(Wien). 2011;153(12):2365-75. doi: 10.1007/s00701-011-1168-1Guclu B., Sindou M., Meyronet D., Streichenberger N., Simon E., Mertens P. Cranial nerve vascular compression syndromes of the trigeminal, facial and vago-glossopharyngeal nerves: comparative anatomical study of the central myelin portion and transitional zone; correlations with incidences of corresponding hyperactive dysfunctional syndromes. Acta Neuro-chir(Wien). 2011;153(12):2365-75. doi: 10.1007/s00701-011-1168-1Балязина Е.В. Топографоанатомические взаимоотношения ствола тойничного нерва с верхней мозжечковой артерией у больных с невралгией тройничного нерва. Морфология. 2009;136(5):27-31. eLIBRARY ID: 13001713Балязина Е.В. Топографоанатомические взаимоотношения ствола тойничного нерва с верхней мозжечковой артерией у больных с невралгией тройничного нерва. Морфология. 2009;136(5):27-31. eLIBRARY ID: 13001713Sindou M. Trigeminal neuralgia: a plea for microvascular decompression as the first surgical option. Anatomy should prevail. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2010;152(2):361-4. doi: 10.1007/s00701-009-0506-zSindou M. Trigeminal neuralgia: a plea for microvascular decompression as the first surgical option. Anatomy should prevail. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2010;152(2):361-4. doi: 10.1007/s00701-009-0506-zBurchiel K.J. A new classification for facial pain. Neurosurgery. 2003;53(5):1164-6. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000088806.11659.d8Burchiel K.J. A new classification for facial pain. Neurosurgery. 2003;53(5):1164-6. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000088806.11659.d8Eller J.L., Raslan A.M., Burchiel K.J. Trigeminal neuralgia: definition and classification. Neurosurg Focus. 2005;18(5):E3. doi: 10.3171/foc.2005.18.5.4Eller J.L., Raslan A.M., Burchiel K.J. Trigeminal neuralgia: definition and classification. Neurosurg Focus. 2005;18(5):E3. doi: 10.3171/foc.2005.18.5.4Miller J.P., Acar F., Burchiel K.J. Classification of trigeminal neuralgia: clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic implications in a series of 144 patients undergoing microvascular decompression. J Neurosurg. 2009;111(6):1231-4. doi: 10.3171/2008.6.17604Miller J.P., Acar F., Burchiel K.J. Classification of trigeminal neuralgia: clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic implications in a series of 144 patients undergoing microvascular decompression. J Neurosurg. 2009;111(6):1231-4. doi: 10.3171/2008.6.17604Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1-211. doi: 10.1177/0333102417738202.Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1-211. doi: 10.1177/0333102417738202.Heros R.C. Results of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurosurg. 2009;110(4):617-8. doi: 10.3171/2008.10.0800243Heros R.C. Results of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurosurg. 2009;110(4):617-8. doi: 10.3171/2008.10.0800243Sarsam Z., Garcia-Finana M., Nurmikko T.J., Varma T.R., Eldridge P. The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. Br J Neurosurg. 2010;24(1):18-25. doi: 10.3109/02688690903370289Sarsam Z., Garcia-Finana M., Nurmikko T.J., Varma T.R., Eldridge P. The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. Br J Neurosurg. 2010;24(1):18-25. doi: 10.3109/02688690903370289Meaney J.F., Miles J.B., Nixon T.E., Whitehouse G.H., Ballantyne E.S., Eldridge P.R. Vascular contact with the fifth cranial nerve at the pons in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: detection with 3D FISP imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;163 (6):1447-52. doi: 10.2214/ajr.163.6.7992745Meaney J.F., Miles J.B., Nixon T.E., Whitehouse G.H., Ballantyne E.S., Eldridge P.R. Vascular contact with the fifth cranial nerve at the pons in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: detection with 3D FISP imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;163 (6):1447-52. doi: 10.2214/ajr.163.6.7992745Kress B., Schindler M., Rasche D., Hahnel S., Tronnier V., Sartor K. Trigeminal neuralgia: how often are trigeminal nerve-vessel contacts found by MRI in normal volunteers. Rofo. 2006;178(3):313-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-858959.Kress B., Schindler M., Rasche D., Hahnel S., Tronnier V., Sartor K. Trigeminal neuralgia: how often are trigeminal nerve-vessel contacts found by MRI in normal volunteers. Rofo. 2006;178(3):313-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-858959.Monstad P. Microvascular decompression as a treatment for cranial nerve hyperactive dysfunction--a critical view. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 2007;187:30-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00857.xMonstad P. Microvascular decompression as a treatment for cranial nerve hyperactive dysfunction--a critical view. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 2007;187:30-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00857.xBenes L, Shiratori K, Gurschi M, Sure U, Tirakotai W, Krischek B, et al. Is preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging accurate in predicting neurovascular compression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia? A single-blind study. Neurosurg Rev. 2005;28(2):131-6. doi: 10.1007/s10143-004-0372-3.Benes L, Shiratori K, Gurschi M, Sure U, Tirakotai W, Krischek B, et al. Is preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging accurate in predicting neurovascular compression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia? A single-blind study. Neurosurg Rev. 2005;28(2):131-6. doi: 10.1007/s10143-004-0372-3.Peker S., Dinner A., Necmettin Pamir M. Vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve is a frequent finding in asymptomatic individuals: 3-T MR imaging of 200 trigeminal nerves using 3D CISS sequences. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009;151(9):1081-8. doi: 10.1007/s00701-009-0329Peker S., Dinner A., Necmettin Pamir M. Vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve is a frequent finding in asymptomatic individuals: 3-T MR imaging of 200 trigeminal nerves using 3D CISS sequences. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009;151(9):1081-8. doi: 10.1007/s00701-009-0329Kraemer J.L., Pereira Filho Ade A., David Gd., Faria Mde B. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia as a cause of trigeminal neuralgia: the role of microvascular decompression. Case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2006;64(1):128-31. doi: 10.1590/s0004-282x2006000100027.Kraemer J.L., Pereira Filho Ade A., David Gd., Faria Mde B. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia as a cause of trigeminal neuralgia: the role of microvascular decompression. Case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2006;64(1):128-31. doi: 10.1590/s0004-282x2006000100027.Klun B., Prestor B. Microvascular relations of the trigeminal nerve: an anatomical study. Neurosurgery. 1986;19(4):535-9. doi: 10.1227/00006123-198610000-00007Klun B., Prestor B. Microvascular relations of the trigeminal nerve: an anatomical study. Neurosurgery. 1986;19(4):535-9. doi: 10.1227/00006123-198610000-00007Li S.T., Pan Q., Liu N., Shen F., Liu Z., Guan Y. Trigeminal neuralgia: what are the important factors for good operative outcomes with microvascular decompression. Surg Neurol. 2004; 62 (5):400-4. doi: 10.1016/j.surneu.2004.02.028Li S.T., Pan Q., Liu N., Shen F., Liu Z., Guan Y. Trigeminal neuralgia: what are the important factors for good operative outcomes with microvascular decompression. Surg Neurol. 2004; 62 (5):400-4. doi: 10.1016/j.surneu.2004.02.028Lorenzoni J.G., Massager N., David P., Devriendt D., Desmedt F., Brotchi J. et al. Neurovascular compression anatomy and pain outcome in patients with classic trigeminal neuralgia treated by radiosurgery. Neurosurgery. 2008;62(2):368-75. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000316003.80893.81Lorenzoni J.G., Massager N., David P., Devriendt D., Desmedt F., Brotchi J. et al. Neurovascular compression anatomy and pain outcome in patients with classic trigeminal neuralgia treated by radiosurgery. Neurosurgery. 2008;62(2):368-75. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000316003.80893.81Kuncz A., Voros E., Barzo P., Tajti J, .Milassin P., Bodosi M. Az The role of MR angiography in predicting operative results of microvascular decompression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Orv Hetil. 2005;146(51):2595-602. PMID: 16468614.Kuncz A., Voros E., Barzo P., Tajti J, .Milassin P., Bodosi M. Az The role of MR angiography in predicting operative results of microvascular decompression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Orv Hetil. 2005;146(51):2595-602. PMID: 16468614.Lang E., Naraghi R., Tanrikulu L., Hastreiter P., Fahlbusch R., Neundorfer B. et al. Neurovascular relationship at the trigeminal root entry zone in persistent idiopathic facial pain: findings from MRI 3D visualisation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(11):1506-9. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.066084Lang E., Naraghi R., Tanrikulu L., Hastreiter P., Fahlbusch R., Neundorfer B. et al. Neurovascular relationship at the trigeminal root entry zone in persistent idiopathic facial pain: findings from MRI 3D visualisation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(11):1506-9. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.066084Ueda F., Suzuki M., Fujinaga Y., Kadoya M., Takashima T. In vivo anatomical analysis of arterial contact with trigeminal nerve: detection with three-dimensional spoiled grass imaging. Br J Radiol. 1999 Sep;72(861):838-45. doi: 10.1259/bjr.72.861.10645189.Ueda F., Suzuki M., Fujinaga Y., Kadoya M., Takashima T. In vivo anatomical analysis of arterial contact with trigeminal nerve: detection with three-dimensional spoiled grass imaging. Br J Radiol. 1999 Sep;72(861):838-45. doi: 10.1259/bjr.72.861.10645189.Masuda Y., Yamamoto T., Akutsu H., Shiigai M., Masumoto T., Ishikawa E. et al. Usefulness of Subtraction of 3D T2WI-DRIVE from Contrast- Enhanced 3D T1WI: Preoperative Evaluations of the Neurovascular Anatomy of Patients with Neurovascular Compression Syndrome. Am.J. Neuroradiol. 2015;36(2):317-322. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A4130Masuda Y., Yamamoto T., Akutsu H., Shiigai M., Masumoto T., Ishikawa E. et al. Usefulness of Subtraction of 3D T2WI-DRIVE from Contrast- Enhanced 3D T1WI: Preoperative Evaluations of the Neurovascular Anatomy of Patients with Neurovascular Compression Syndrome. Am.J. Neuroradiol. 2015;36(2):317-322. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A4130Antonini G., Di Pasquale A., Cruccu G., Truini A., Morino S., Saltelli G. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging contribution for diagnosing symptomatic neurovascular contact in classical trigeminal neuralgia: a blinded case-control study and meta-analysis. Pain. 2014;155(8):1464-71. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.04.020Antonini G., Di Pasquale A., Cruccu G., Truini A., Morino S., Saltelli G. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging contribution for diagnosing symptomatic neurovascular contact in classical trigeminal neuralgia: a blinded case-control study and meta-analysis. Pain. 2014;155(8):1464-71. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.04.020Lin W., Chen Y.L., Zhang Q.W. Vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve in asymptomatic individuals: a voxel-wise analysis of axial and radial diffusivity. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2014;156(3):577-80. doi: 10.1007/s00701-013-1970-zLin W., Chen Y.L., Zhang Q.W. Vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve in asymptomatic individuals: a voxel-wise analysis of axial and radial diffusivity. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2014;156(3):577-80. doi: 10.1007/s00701-013-1970-zMaarbjerg S., Wolfram F., Gozalov A., Olesen J., Bendtsen L. Significance of neurovascular contact in classical trigeminal neuralgia. Brain. 2015;138(Pt 2):311-9. doi: 10.1093/brain/awu349Maarbjerg S., Wolfram F., Gozalov A., Olesen J., Bendtsen L. Significance of neurovascular contact in classical trigeminal neuralgia. Brain. 2015;138(Pt 2):311-9. doi: 10.1093/brain/awu349Alper J., Shrivastava R.K., Balchandani P. Is There a Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Discernible Cause for Trigeminal Neuralgia? A Structured Review. World Neurosurg. 2017;98:89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.10.104Alper J., Shrivastava R.K., Balchandani P. Is There a Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Discernible Cause for Trigeminal Neuralgia? A Structured Review. World Neurosurg. 2017;98:89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.10.104Donahue JH, Ornan DA, Mukherjee S. Imaging of Vascular Compression Syndromes. Radiol Clin North Am. 2017;55(1):123-138. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2016.08.001.Donahue JH, Ornan DA, Mukherjee S. Imaging of Vascular Compression Syndromes. Radiol Clin North Am. 2017;55(1):123-138. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2016.08.001.Xiang C.Q., Liu W.F., Xu Q.H., Su T., Yong-Qiang S., Min Y.L. et al. Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Patients with Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia Using Regional Homogeneity: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study. Pain Pract. 2019;19(4):397-406. doi: 10.1111/papr.12753Xiang C.Q., Liu W.F., Xu Q.H., Su T., Yong-Qiang S., Min Y.L. et al. Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Patients with Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia Using Regional Homogeneity: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study. Pain Pract. 2019;19(4):397-406. doi: 10.1111/papr.12753Zhang Y., Mao Z., Cui Z., Ling Z., Pan L., Liu X. et al. Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Axonal and Myelin Changes in Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia. World Neurosurg. 2018;112:e597-e607. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.095Zhang Y., Mao Z., Cui Z., Ling Z., Pan L., Liu X. et al. Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Axonal and Myelin Changes in Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia. World Neurosurg. 2018;112:e597-e607. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.095Yang D., Shen J., Xia X., Lin Y., Yang T., Lin H. et al. Preoperative evaluation of neurovascular relationship in trigeminal neuralgia by three-dimensional fast low angle shot (3D-FLASH) and three-dimensional constructive interference in steady-state (3D-CISS) MRI sequence. Br J Radiol. 2018;91(1085):20170557. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20170557Yang D., Shen J., Xia X., Lin Y., Yang T., Lin H. et al. Preoperative evaluation of neurovascular relationship in trigeminal neuralgia by three-dimensional fast low angle shot (3D-FLASH) and three-dimensional constructive interference in steady-state (3D-CISS) MRI sequence. Br J Radiol. 2018;91(1085):20170557. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20170557Yao S., Zhang J., Zhao Y., Hou Y., Xu X., Zhang Z. et al. Multimodal Image-Based Virtual Reality Presurgical Simulation and Evaluation for Trigeminal Neuralgia and Hemifacial Spasm. World Neurosurg. 2018;113:e499-e507. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.02.069Yao S., Zhang J., Zhao Y., Hou Y., Xu X., Zhang Z. et al. Multimodal Image-Based Virtual Reality Presurgical Simulation and Evaluation for Trigeminal Neuralgia and Hemifacial Spasm. World Neurosurg. 2018;113:e499-e507. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.02.069Shapey J., Vos S.B., Vercauteren T., Bradford R., Saeed S.R., Bisdas S. et al. Clinical Applications for Diffusion MRI and Tractography of Cranial Nerves Within the Posterior Fossa: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci. 2019;13:23. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00023Shapey J., Vos S.B., Vercauteren T., Bradford R., Saeed S.R., Bisdas S. et al. Clinical Applications for Diffusion MRI and Tractography of Cranial Nerves Within the Posterior Fossa: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci. 2019;13:23. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00023Gospodarev V., Chakravarthy V., Harms C., Myers H., Kaplan B., Kim E. et al. Computed Tomography Cisternography for Evaluation of Trigeminal Neuralgia When Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Contraindicated: Case Report and Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg. 2018;113:180-183. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.02.066Gospodarev V., Chakravarthy V., Harms C., Myers H., Kaplan B., Kim E. et al. Computed Tomography Cisternography for Evaluation of Trigeminal Neuralgia When Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Contraindicated: Case Report and Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg. 2018;113:180-183. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.02.066Балязина Е.В. Компьютерная ангиография в диагностике нейроваскулярного конфликта у больных классической невралгией тройничного нерва. Нейрохирургия. 2010;(4):46- 49. eLIBRARY ID: 16445554.Балязина Е.В. Компьютерная ангиография в диагностике нейроваскулярного конфликта у больных классической невралгией тройничного нерва. Нейрохирургия. 2010;(4):46- 49. eLIBRARY ID: 16445554.Балязина Е.В. Классическая невралгия тройничного нерва. Новочеркасск, Лик; 2015:278. eLIBRARY ID: 32713331Балязина Е.В. Классическая невралгия тройничного нерва. Новочеркасск, Лик; 2015:278. eLIBRARY ID: 32713331Baliazin V.A., Baliazina E.V., Aksenov D.P. Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2017;41(4):521-527. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000567Baliazin V.A., Baliazina E.V., Aksenov D.P. Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2017;41(4):521-527. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000567Балязина Е.В., Балязин В.А., Исаханова Т.А., Бондарева О.И., Балязин-Парфенов И.В., Кадян Н.Г. Физический механизм формирования двух типов нейроваскулярного конфликта у больных классической невралгией тройничного нерва. Неврологический журнал. 2017;(4):190-197. doi: 10.18821/1560-9545-2017-22-4-190-197Балязина Е.В., Балязин В.А., Исаханова Т.А., Бондарева О.И., Балязин-Парфенов И.В., Кадян Н.Г. Физический механизм формирования двух типов нейроваскулярного конфликта у больных классической невралгией тройничного нерва. Неврологический журнал. 2017;(4):190-197. doi: 10.18821/1560-9545-2017-22-4-190-197Baliazina E. Etio Pathogenesis of Trigeminal Neuralgia. In: Ovallath S., editors. Textbook of Trigeminal Neuralgia. Hauppauge: Nova Science Publisher, New York;2020:Chapter 3:48-85. ISBN: 978-1-53618-130-2Baliazina E. Etio Pathogenesis of Trigeminal Neuralgia. In: Ovallath S., editors. Textbook of Trigeminal Neuralgia. Hauppauge: Nova Science Publisher, New York;2020:Chapter 3:48-85. ISBN: 978-1-53618-130-2

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.