<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">therapeutic</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Южно-Российский журнал терапевтической практики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-8156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РостГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2712-8156-2020-1-3-44-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">therapeutic-32</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обоснование специализированной медицинской помощи пациентам с хронической сердечной недостаточностью в Российской Федерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rationale of specialized medical care for patients with chronic heart failure in the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0258-5279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фомин Игорь Владимирович, д.м.н., доц., заведующий кафедрой госпитальной терапии и общей врачебной практики им. В.Г. Вогралика</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Fomin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the V.G. Vogralika Department of Hospital Therapy and General Medical Practice</p><p> Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fomin-i@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3391-7937</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виноградова Надежда Георгиевна, д.м.н., доцент кафедры терапии и кардиологии</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda G. Vinogradova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Department of Therapy and Cardiology, Associate Professor</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vinogradovang@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет Минздрава России; Городской центр лечения ХСН ГБУЗ НО Городская клиническая больница № 38 Нижегородского района<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University; City Clinical Hospital No. 38 Nizhny Novgorod<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фомин И.В., Виноградова Н.Г., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фомин И.В., Виноградова Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fomin I.V., Vinogradova N.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therapeutic-j.ru/jour/article/view/32">https://www.therapeutic-j.ru/jour/article/view/32</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: определить причины неэффективного наблюдения и плохого прогноза у пациентов, перенесших острую декомпенсацию сердечной недостаточности, в реальной клинической практике и рассмотреть основы формирования специализированной медицинской помощи пациентам с хронической сердечной недостаточностью.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: в исследование последовательно включено 942 пациента с хронической сердечной недостаточностью в возрасте 18 лет и старше, перенесших острую декомпенсацию сердечной недостаточности и получавших стационарное лечение в период с 04.03.2016 по 03.03.2017. На основании решений пациентов продолжить амбулаторное наблюдение выделено две группы больных: пациенты, продолжившие наблюдение в Городском центре лечения сердечной недостаточности (группа I, n = 510) и пациенты, продолжившие наблюдение в амбулаторно-поликлинических учреждениях по месту жительства (группа II, n = 432). Проведена оценка приверженности к лечению, общей смертности, выживаемости и повторных госпитализаций на глубину двух лет наблюдения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: все пациенты имели высокую коморбидность. Пациенты II группы оказались статистически значимо старше, чаще имели III функциональный класс хронической сердечной недостаточности, ниже исходный показатель теста 6-минутной ходьбы и выше исходный показатель шкалы оценки клинического состояния. Через два года наблюдения во II группе наблюдалось значительное ухудшение приверженности к базисной терапии хронической сердечной недостаточности по сравнению с пациентами I группы. По результатам многофакторных моделей пропорциональных рисков Кокса показано, что наблюдение пациентов во II группе является независимым фактором, увеличивающим риск общей смертности в 2,8 раза к концу второго года наблюдения. Выживаемость через два года наблюдения составила: в I группе - 89,8 %, а во II группе - 70,1 % больных. Через два года наблюдения доля госпитализированных повторно пациентов во II группе оказалась больше (78,0 % пациентов) против I группы (50,6 % пациентов). Независимый риск повторной госпитализации по данным мультиноминальной логит-регрессии оказался выше в 3,4 раза во II группе и в 2,4 раза при III-IV функциональном классе хронической сердечной недостаточности.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: включение пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью в систему специализированной медицинской помощи улучшает приверженность к лечению, прогноз жизни и снижает риск повторных госпитализаций.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives: to determine the causes of ineffective observation and poor prognosis in patients undergoing ADHF, in real clinical practice and to consider the basics of the formation of specialized medical care for patients with heart failure (HF).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: the study was conducted based on the City Center for the treatment of heart failure (center HF), N. Novgorod. The study consistently included 942 patients with heart failure (HF) at the age of 18 years and older who underwent ADHF and received inpatient treatment in center HF between March 4, 2016 and March 3, 2017. Based on the decisions of patients to continue outpatient monitoring in center HF, two groups of patients were distinguished: patients who continued to be monitored in center HF (group I, n = 510) and patients who continued to be monitored in outpatient clinics at the place of residence (group II, n = 432). The assessment of adherence to treatment, overall mortality, survival and re-admission to a depth of two years of observation was carried out. Statistical data processing was performed using Statistica 7.0 for Windows and the software package R.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: all patients in the study groups had high comorbidity. Group 2 patients turned out to be statistically significantly older, more often had III functional class (FC) HF, lower the baseline test score of 6-minute walk, and higher the baseline clinical assessment scale. After 2 years of follow-up in group II, there was a significant deterioration in adherence to basic therapy of HF compared with group I. According to the results of multifactorial proportional risk Cox models, it was shown that observation of patients in the group 1 is an independent factor increasing the risk of overall mortality by 2.8 times by the end of the second year of observation. Survival after two years of follow-up was: in group I — 89.8 %, and in group II — 70.1 % of patients (OR = 0.3, 95 % CI 0.2 – 0.4; p1/2 &lt; 0.001). After two years of follow-up, the proportion of re-hospitalized patients in group II was greater (78.0 % of patients) versus group 1 (50.6 % of patients, OR = 3.5, 95 % CI 2.6 – 4.6; p1/2 &lt;0.001). The independent risk of re-hospitalization according to multinominal logit regression was 3.4 times higher in group II and 2.4 times for III – IV FC HF. Conclusions: the inclusion of patients with HF in the system of specialized medical care improves adherence to treatment, prognosis of life and reduces the risk of repeated hospitalizations. Patients of an older age and with an initially greater clinical severity refused specialized supervision in center HF.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>центр лечения сердечной недостаточности</kwd><kwd>специализированная медицинская помощь пациентам с ХСН</kwd><kwd>бесшовная медицинская помощь</kwd><kwd>декомпенсация хронической сердечной недостаточности</kwd><kwd>приверженность к лечению</kwd><kwd>повторная госпитализация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart failure treatment center</kwd><kwd>specialized medical care for patients with heart failure</kwd><kwd>seamless medical care</kwd><kwd>decompensation of chronic heart failure</kwd><kwd>adherence to treatment</kwd><kwd>re-hospitalization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краием Н., Поляков Д.С., Фомин И.В., Виноградова Н.Г., Валикулова Ф.Ю., Вайсберг А.Р., и др. Динамика распространенности хронической сердечной недостаточности и сахарного диабета в Нижегородской области с 2000 по 2017 год. Кардиология. 2018;58(2S):25-32. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2439</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The dynamics of the prevalence of heart failure and diabetes in the Nizhny Novgorod region from 2000 to 2017 / N. Kraiem, D.S. Polyakov, I.V. Fomin [et al.] // Cardiology. - 2018.- T. 58, No. S2. - S. 25-32. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2439</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фомин И.В. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность в Российской Федерации: что сегодня мы знаем и что должны делать. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2016;(8):7-13. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2016-8-7-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fomin, I.V. Chronic heart failure in the Russian Federation: what we know today and what we should do / I.V. Fomin // Russian Journal of Cardiology. - 2016. - No. 8. - From 7-13. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2016-8-7-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беленков Ю.Н., Мареев В.Ю., Агеев Ф.Т., Фомин И.В., Бадин Ю.В., Поляков Д.С. и др. Этиологические причины формирования ХСН в Европейской части Российской Федерации (госпитальный этап). Журнал Сердечная Недостаточность. 2011;12(6):333-338. eLIBRARY ID: 17782823</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Etiological reasons for the formation of heart failure in the European part of the Russian Federation (hospital stage) / Yu.N. Belenkov, V.Yu. Mareev, F.T. Ageev [et al.] // Journal of Heart Failure. - 2011. - T. 12, No. 6 (68). - S. 333-338. eLIBRARY ID: 17782823</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Writing Group Members, Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;133(4):e38-360. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update A Report From the American Heart Association / D. Mozaffarian, E. J. Benjamin, A. S. Go [et al.] // Circulation. - 2015. - Vol. 133. - P. 38-360. doi: 10.1161 / CIR.0000000000000350.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агеев Ф.Т., Овчинников А.Г. Сердечная недостаточность с промежуточной фракцией выброса левого желудочка: существует ли клиническая необходимость выделения ее в отдельную подгруппу? Кардиология. 2018;58(12S):4-10. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2609</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ageev, F.T. Heart failure with an intermediate ejection fraction of the left ventricle: is there a clinical need to separate it into a separate subgroup? / F.T. Ageev, A.G. Ovchinnikov // Cardiology. - 2018.- T. 58, No. S12. - S. 4–10. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2609</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаврюшина С.В., Агеев Ф.Т. Сердечная недостаточность с сохраненной фракцией выброса левого желудочка: эпидемиология, «портрет» больного, клиника, диагностика. Кардиология. 2018;58(4S):55-64. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2467</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavryushina, S.V. Heart failure with preserved LVEF: epidemiology, “portrait” of the patient, clinic, diagnosis / S.V. Gavryushina, F.T. Ageev // Cardiology. - 2018.- T. 58, No. S4. - S. 55–64. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio. 2467</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Орлова Я.А., Ткачёва О.Н., Арутюнов Г.П., Котовская Ю.В., Васюк Ю.А., Лопатин Ю.М., и др. Особенности диагностики и лечения хронической сердечной недостаточности у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста. Мнение экспертов Общества специалистов по сердечной недостаточности, Российской ассоциации геронтологов и гериатров и Евразийской ассоциации терапевтов. Кардиология. 2018;58(12S):42-72. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2560</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Features of the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure in elderly and senile patients. Expert opinion of the Society of Heart Failure Specialists, the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatrics and the Eurasian Association of Therapists / Ya.A. Orlova, O.N. Tkacheva, G.P. Arutyunov [et al.] // Cardiology. - 2018. —T. 58, No. S12. - S. 42–72. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2560</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козиолова Н.А., Никонова Ю.Н., Шилова Я.Э., Агафонов А.В., Полянская Е.А. Характеристика хронической сердечной недостаточности на фоне перманентной формы фибрилляции предсердий. Журнал Сердечная Недостаточность. 2013;14(1):14–21. eLIBRARY ID: 25276404</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Characterization of chronic heart failure on the background of a permanent form of atrial fibrillation / N.A. Koziolova, Yu.N. Nikonova, Ya.E. Shilova [et al.] // Journal of Heart Failure. - 2013. —T. 14, No. 1. - S. 14–21. eLIBRARY ID: 25276404</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crespo-Leiro MG, Metra M, Lund LH, Milicic D, Costanzo MR, Filippatos G, et al. Advanced heart failure: a position statement of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(11):1505-1535. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1236.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Advanced heart failure: a position statement of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology / M. G. Crespo-Leiro, M. Metra, L.H. Lund [et al.] // European Journal of Heart Failure. - 2018 .-- Vol. 20. - P. 1505-1535. doi: 10.1002 / ejhf.1236.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeVore AD, Thomas L, Albert NM, Butler J, Hernandez AF, Patterson JH, et al. Change the management of patients with heart failure: Rationale and design of the CHAMP-HF registry. Am Heart J. 2017;189:177-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2017.04.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Change the management of patients with heart failure: Rationale and design of the CHAMP-HF registry / A.D. DeVore, L. Thomas, N.M. Albert [et al.] // Am Heart J. - 2017. - Vol. 189. - P. 177-183. doi: 10.1016 / j.ahj.2017.04.04.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Desai AS, Stevenson LW. Rehospitalization for heart failure: predict or prevent? Circulation. 2012;126(4):501-6. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.125435.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Desai, A.S. Rehospitalization for Heart Failure: Predict or Prevent? / A.S. Desai, L.W. Stevenson // Circulation. - 2012. - Vol. 126 (4). - P. 501-506. doi: 10.1161 / CIRCULATIONAHA.112.125435.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Spall HGC, Rahman T, Mytton O, Ramasundarahettige C, Ibrahim Q, Kabali C, et al. Comparative effectiveness of transitional care services in patients discharged from the hospital with heart failure: a systematic review and network metaanalysis. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(11):1427-1443. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.765.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Comparative effectiveness of transitional care services in patients discharged from the hospital with heart failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis / H. G.C. Van Spall, T. Rahman, O. Mytton [et al.] // Eur J Heart Fail. - 2017 .-- Vol. 19 (11). - P. 1427-1443. doi: 10.1002 / ejhf.765.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wakefield BJ, Boren SA, Groves PS, Conn VS. Heart failure care management programs: a review of study interventions and meta-analysis of outcomes. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2013;28(1):8-19. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0b013e318239f9e1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heart failure care management programs: a review of study interventions and meta-analysis of outcomes / B.J. Wakefield, S.A. Boren, P.S. Groves, V.S. Conn // J Cardiovasc Nurs. - 2013 .-- Vol. 28 (1). - P. 8-19. DOI: 10.1097 / JCN.0b013e318239f9e1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jones CD, Falvey J, Hess E, Levy CR, Nuccio E, Barón AE, et al. Predicting Hospital Readmissions from Home Healthcare in Medicare Beneficiaries. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(12):2505-2510. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Predicting Hospital Readmissions from Home Healthcare in Medicare Beneficiaries / C.D. Jones, J. Falvey, E. Hess [et al.] // J Am Geriatr Soc. - 2019 .-- Vol. 67 (12). - P. 2505-2510. doi: 10.1111 / jgs.16153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feltner C, Jones CD, Cené CW, Zheng ZJ, Sueta CA, Coker-Schwimmer EJ, et al. Transitional care interventions to prevent readmissions for persons with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(11):774-84. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-0083. PMID: 24862840.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Transitional care interventions to prevent readmissions for persons with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis / C. Feltner, C.D. Jones, C.W. Cene´ [et al.] // Ann Intern Med. - 2014 .-- Vol. 160. - P. 774–784. doi: 10.7326 / M14-0083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шляхто Е.В., Звартау Н.Э., Виллевальде С.В., Яковлев А.Н., Соловьева А.Е., Авдонина Н.Г., и др.. Реализованные модели и элементы организации медицинской помощи пациентам с сердечной недостаточностью в регионах Российской Федерации: перспективы трансформации в региональные системы управления сердечно-сосудистыми рисками. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(4):3792. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4-3792</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Implemented models and elements of the organization of medical care for patients with heart failure in the regions of the Russian Federation: prospects for transformation into regional cardiovascular risk management systems / E.V. Shlyakhto, N.E. Zvartau, S.V. Villevalde et al. // Russian Journal of Cardiology. - 2020. - T. 25, No. 4. - S. 9-18. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4-3792</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поляков Д.С., Фомин И.В., Валикулова Ф.Ю., Вайсберг А.Р., Краием Н., Бадин Ю.В., и др. Эпидемиологическая программа ЭПОХА-ХСН: Декомпенсация хронической сердечной недостаточности в реальной клинической практике (ЭПОХА-Д-ХСН). Журнал Сердечная Недостаточность. 2016;17(98):256–264. eLIBRARY ID: 27714432</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epidemiological program EPOCH-CHF: Decompensation of chronic heart failure in real clinical practice (EPOCH-D-CHF) / D.S. Polyakov, I.V. Fomin, F.Yu. Valikulova [et al.] // Journal of Heart Failure. - 2016. - T.17, No. 5 (98). - S. 256–264. DOI: 10.18087 / RHFJ.2016.5.2239</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лисицын, Ю. П., Улумбекова Г. Э. Общественное здоровье и здравоохранение: учебник (3-е изд., перераб. и доп.). М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lisitsyn, Yu. P. Public health and health care: a textbook (3rd ed., Revised and supplemented) / Yu. P. Lisitsyn, G. E. Ulumbekova // M .: GEOTAR-Media. - 2015 .-- 544 p. ISBN 978-5-9704-3291-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айсанов З.Р., Чучалин А.Г., Калманова Е.Н. Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких и сердечно-сосудистая ко- морбидность. Кардиология. 2019;59(8S):24-36. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2572</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aisanov, Z.R. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular comorbidity / Z.R. Aisanov, A.G. Chuchalin, E.N. Kalmanova // Cardiology. —2019. - T. 59, No. 8S. - S. 24–36. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2572</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kundi H, Wadhera RK, Strom JB, Valsdottir LR, Shen C, Kazi DS, et al. Association of Frailty With 30-Day Outcomes for Acute Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Pneumonia Among Elderly Adults. JAMA Cardiol. 2019;4(11):1084-1091. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2019.3511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Association of Frailty With 30-Day Outcomes for Acute Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Pneumonia Among Elderly Adults / H. Kundi, R.K. Wadhera, J.B. Strom [et al.] // JAMA Cardiol. - 2019 .-- Vol. 4 (11). - P. 1084-1091. doi: 10.1001 / jamacardio.2019.3511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bando YK, Murohara T. Heart Failure as a Comorbidity of Diabetes: Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2016;23(2):147-154. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.33225</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bando, Y.K. Heart Failure as a Comorbidity of Diabetes: Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Y.K. Bando, T. Murohara // J Atheroscler Thromb. - 2016. - Vol. 23 (2). —P. 147-154. doi: 10.5551 / jat.33225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ling LH, Kistler PM, Kalman JM, Schilling RJ, Hunter RJ. Comorbidity of atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016;13(3):131-47. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2015.191.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Comorbidity of atrial fibrillation and heart failure / L.H. Ling, P.M. Kistler, J.M. Kalman [et al.] // Nat Rev Cardiol. - 2016. - Vol. 13 (3). - P.131-147. doi: 10.1038 / nrcardio.2015.191.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van der Wal MH, van Veldhuisen DJ, Veeger NJ, Rutten FH, Jaarsma T. Compliance with non-pharmacological recommendations and outcome in heart failure patients. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(12):1486-93. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq091.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Compliance with non-pharmacological recommendations and outcome in heart failure patients / M.H.L. van der Wal, D.J. van Veldhuisen, N.J.G.M. Veeger [et al.] // European Heart Journal. - 2010 .-- Vol. 31 (12). - P. 1486–1493. doi: 10.1093 / eurheartj / ehq091.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van der Wal MH, Jaarsma T, Moser DK, Veeger NJ, van Gilst WH, van Veldhuisen DJ. Compliance in heart failure patients: the importance of knowledge and beliefs. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(4):434-40. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehi603.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Compliance in heart failure patients: the importance of knowledge and beliefs / M.H. van der Wal, T. Jaarsma, D.K. Moser [et al.] // Eur Heart J. - 2006. - Vol. 27 (4). - P. 434-440. doi: 10.1093 / eurheartj / ehi603.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maggioni AP, Dahlström U, Filippatos G, Chioncel O, Crespo Leiro M, Drozdz J, et al. EURObservational Research Programme: regional differences and 1-year follow-up results of the Heart Failure Pilot Survey (ESC-HF Pilot). Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15(7):808-17. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjhf/hft050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EURObservational Research Program: regional differences and 1 year follow-up results of the Heart Failure Pilot Survey (ESC-HF Pilot) / A.P. Maggioni, U. Dahlstrom, G. Filippatos [et al.] // Eur J Heart Fail. - 2013. —Vol. 15 (7). - P. 808–817. doi: 10.1093 / eurjhf / hft050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беленков Ю.Н. Мареев В.Ю. Как мы диагностируем и лечим сердечную недостаточность в реальной клинической практике в начале XXI века? Результаты исследования IMPROVEMENT HF. Consilium Medicum. 2001;3(2):65–73. eLIBRARY ID: 27289300</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belenkov, Yu.N. How do we diagnose and treat heart failure in real clinical practice at the beginning of the 21st century? The results of the study IMPROVEMENT HF / Yu.N. Belenkov, V.Yu. Mareev // Consilium Medicum. - 2001. - T. 3, No. 2. - S. 65–73. eLIBRARY ID: 27289300</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah KS, Xu H, Matsouaka RA, Bhatt DL, Heidenreich PA, Hernandez AF, et al. Heart Failure With Preserved, Borderline, and Reduced Ejection Fraction: 5-Year Outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(20):2476-2486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.08.074</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heart Failure With Preserved, Borderline, and Reduced Ejection Fraction: 5-Year Outcomes / K.S. Shah, H. Xu, R.A. Matsouaka [et al.] // J Am Coll Cardiol. - 2017 .-- Vol. 70 (20). - P. 2476-2486. doi: 10.1016 / j.jacc.2017.08.08.074.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mureddu GF, Agabiti N, Rizzello V, Forastiere F, Latini R, Cesaroni G, et al. Prevalence of preclinical and clinical heart failure in the elderly. A population-based study in Central Italy. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012;14(7):718-29. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjhf/hfs052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prevalence of preclinical and clinical heart failure in the elderly. A population-based study in Central Italy (PREDICTOR Study) / G. F. Mureddu, N. Agabiti, V. Rizzello [et al.] // European Journal of Heart Failure. - 2012. - Vol. 14. - P. 718–729. doi: 10.1093 / eurjhf / hfs052.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арутюнов А.Г., Драгунов Д.О., Арутюнов Г.П., Соколова А.В. Влияние величины дозы основных препаратов на риск повторной госпитализации пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Терапевтический архив (архив до 2018 г.). 2016;88(1):29-34. https://doi.org/10.17116/terarkh201688129-34</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The effect of the dose of essential drugs on the risk of re-hospitalization in patients with chronic heart failure / A.G. Arutyunov, D.O. Dragunov, G.P. Arutyunov, A.V. Sokolova // Therapeutic Archive. - 2016. - T. 88, No. 1. - S. 29 - 34. DOI: 10.17116 / terarkh201688129-34</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cline CM, Israelsson BY, Willenheimer RB, Broms K, Erhardt LR. Cost effective management programme for heart failure reduces hospitalisation. Heart. 1998;80(5):442-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.80.5.442.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cost effective management program for heart failure reduces hospitalization / C.M. Cline, B.Y. Israelsson, R.B. Willenheimer [et al.] // Heart. - 1998. - Vol. 80. - P. 442–446. DOI: 10.1136 / hrt.80.5.442</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanumanthu S, Butler J, Chomsky D, Davis S, Wilson JR. Effect of a heart failure program on hospitalization frequency and exercise tolerance. Circulation. 1997;96(9):2842-8. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.96.9.2842. PMID: 9386147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Effect of a heart failure program on hospitalization frequency and exercise tolerance / S. Hanumanthu, J. Butler, D. Chomsky [et al.] // Circulation. - 1997. - Vol. 96. - P. 2842–2848. doi: 10.1161 / 01.cir.96.9.2842.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fonarow GC, Stevenson LW, Walden JA, Livingston NA, Steimle AE, Hamilton MA, et al. Impact of a comprehensive heart failure management program on hospital readmission and functional status of patients with advanced heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30(3):725-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00208-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Impact of a comprehensive heart failure management program on hospital readmission and functional status of patients with advanced heart failure / G.C. Fonarow, L.W. Stevenson, J.A. Walden [et al.] // J Am Coll Cardiol. - 1997. - Vol. 30. - P. 725–732. doi: 10.1016 / s0735-1097 (97) 00208-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cintron G, Bigas C, Linares E, Aranda JM, Hernandez E. Nurse practitioner role in a chronic congestive heart failure clinic: in-hospital time, costs, and patient satisfaction. Heart Lung. 1983;12(3):237-40. PMID: 6551370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nurse practitioner role in a chronic congestive heart failure clinic: in-hospital time, costs, and patient satisfaction / G. Cintron, C. Bigas, E. Linares [et al.] // Heart Lung. - 1983. - Vol. 12. - P. 237–240. PMID: 6551370</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JG, Coats AJS, et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal. 2016;37(27):2129–2200. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2016 Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure / P. Ponikowski, A. Voors, S.D. Anker [et al.] // European Heart Journal. - 2016. - Vol. 37 (27). - P. 2129-2200. doi: 10.1002 / ejhf.592.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
