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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">therapeutic</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Южно-Российский журнал терапевтической практики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-8156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РостГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2712-8156-2023-4-3-62-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">therapeutic-409</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патоморфологические особенности осложнений у пациентов с бикуспидальным аортальным клапаном</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathomorphological features of complications inpatients with bicuspid aortic valve</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8871-9010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пугина</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pugina</surname><given-names>M. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пугина Маргарита Юрьевна - младший научный сотрудникНИЛ врожденных и приобретенных пороков сердца.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pugina Margarita Y. - junior researcher Department of congenital and valvular heart diseases, cardiologist.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">puginarita94@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3023-9739</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гареев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gareev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гареев Дамир Айдарович - клинический ординатор кафедры кардиологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gareev Damir A. - Resident of the Department of Cardiology.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gareevdamir_mail@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2084-2093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коржова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коржова Мария Александровна - студентка лечебного факультета института медицинского образования.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Korzhova Maria A. - student of the Faculty of Medicine of the Institute of Medical Education.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korzhova-maria@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0996-4119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонова Ирина Владимировна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры патологической анатомии, врач-патологоанатом.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonova Irina V. - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, pathologist.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Antonova_IV@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7259-1546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шадрина</surname><given-names>У. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shadrina</surname><given-names>U. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шадрина Ульяна Михайловна - младший научный сотрудник НИЛ врожденных и приобретенных пороков сердца, врач-кардиолог.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shadrina Ulyana M. - junior researcher Department of congenital and valvular heart diseases, cardiologist.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">u-shadrina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2944-7607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабакехян</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babakekhyan</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бабакехян Мэри Вартановна - младший научный сотрудник НИЛ врожденных и приобретенных пороков сердца.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Babakekhyan Mary V. - junior researcher Department of congenital and valvular heart diseases, cardiologist.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">babakehyan97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-4442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронкина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронкина Ирина Владимировна - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории липопротеинов имени академика.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Voronkina Irina V. - Cand. Sci. (Bio.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Lipoproteins named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences A.N. Klimov.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voronirina@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7929-0594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Успенский</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uspensky</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Успенский Владимир Евгеньевич - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий НИЛ заболеваний аорты и аортального клапана, доцент кафедры сердечно-сосудистой хирургии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Uspensky Vladimir E. - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of Department of Aortic and Aortic Valve Diseases, Associate Professor of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimiruspenskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5362-3226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеев</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeev</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гордеев Михаил Леонидович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник НИО кардиоторакальной хирургии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gordeev Mikhail L. - Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, Senior Researcher Research Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mlgordeev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0735-7822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрофанова</surname><given-names>Л. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrofanova</surname><given-names>L. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Митрофанова Любовь Борисовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник НИЛ патоморфологии, зав. кафедрой патологической анатомии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mitrofanova Lubov’ B. - Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, Senior Researcher Research Laboratory of Pathomorphology, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lubamitr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-3191</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иртюга</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Irtyuga</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Борисовна Иртюга - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая НИЛ врожденных и приобретённых пороков сердца, доцент кафедры кардиологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga B. Irtyuga - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of  Department of congenital and valvular heart diseases, cardiologist.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgir@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пугина М.Ю., Гареев Д.А., Коржова М.А., Антонова И.В., Шадрина У.М., Бабакехян М.В., Воронкина И.В., Успенский В.Е., Гордеев М.Л., Митрофанова Л.Б., Иртюга О.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пугина М.Ю., Гареев Д.А., Коржова М.А., Антонова И.В., Шадрина У.М., Бабакехян М.В., Воронкина И.В., Успенский В.Е., Гордеев М.Л., Митрофанова Л.Б., Иртюга О.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pugina M.Y., Gareev D.A., Korzhova M.A., Antonova I.V., Shadrina U.M., Babakekhyan M.V., Voronkina I.V., Uspensky V.E., Gordeev M.L., Mitrofanova L.B., Irtyuga O.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therapeutic-j.ru/jour/article/view/409">https://www.therapeutic-j.ru/jour/article/view/409</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить особенности развития осложнений у пациентов с бикуспидальным аортальным клапаном (БАК) на основании результатов патоморфологического исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: проведён ретроспективный анализ регистра из 328 пациентов с аортальным стенозом (АС) и дилатацией восходящего отдела аорты (ДВОА), сформированного на основании гистологических исследований, выполненных в 2010–2022 гг. Из них у 209 пациентов в результате гистологического исследования диагностирован БАК, а у 119 пациентов диагностирован трикуспидальный аортальный клапан (ТАК). Тип БАК был проанализирован у 139 прооперированных пациентов по результатам анализа протоколов операций.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: согласно полученным результатам, среди пациентов с БАК преобладал 1 тип со сращением правой и левой коронарных створок (78%), наименьшее количество пациентов с БАК было со сращением правой коронарной и некоронарной створок аортального клапана (4%), в то время как сращение левой коронарной с некоронарной створкой аортального клапана (АК) и пациенты с «истинным» БАК встречались в каждом случае у 9% пациентов. Формирование АС (75,6%), ДВОА (68,4%) и комбинации АС+ДВОА (81%) чаще наблюдалось в группе пациентов с 1 типом БАК. По результатам гистологии АК, значимых различий в зависимости от морфологии клапана получено не было. В том числе, по результатам гистологии АК, частота кальциноза не отличалась в группах пациентов с БАК и ТАК. Фиброз со стиранием слоистой гистоархитектоники АК различной степени тяжести выявлялся у каждого второго пациента, независимо от наличия врожденного порока сердца (ВПС). По результатам гистологии аорты, гемодинамическая аневризма у пациентов с БАК встречалась значимо чаще, чем у пациентов с ТАК (р=0,0027). Кроме того, было верифицировано, что у 39 пациентов из 40 без патоморфологических изменений стенки аорты в диагнозе фигурировал аортальный стеноз, из них у 80% пациентов был подтверждён ВПС: БАК.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: результаты настоящего исследования продемонстрировали, что в подавляющем большинстве случаев дилатация аорты и аортальный стеноз формируются при сращении правой и левой коронарных створок. Отсутствие морфологических изменений в стенке аорты при наличии её дилатации практически у каждого третьего пациента с БАК подтверждает генетический вклад в формирование дилатации аорты у данной категории пациентов и требует дальнейшего изучения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: to evaluate the features of the course of complications in patients with BAV based on the results of a pathomorphological study.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods: a retrospective analysis of a register of 328 patients with AS and dilation of the ascending aorta (DAA), based on histological studies performed in 2010–2022 was carried out. 209 patients were diagnosed with BAV as a result of histological examination, and 119 patients were diagnosed with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). The type of BAV was analyzed in 139 operated patients based on the results of the analysis of surgical protocols.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: according to the obtained results, the first type with fusion of the right and left coronary cusps prevailed among patients with BAV (78%), the smallest number of patients with BAV was with fusion of the right coronary and non-coronary cusps of the aortic valve (4%), while fusion of the left coronary with the non-coronary cusps of the aortic valve (AV) and patients with "true" BAV occurred in each case in 9% of patients. The formation of AS (75.6%), DAA (68.4%), and the combination of AS+DAA (81%) was more observed in the group of patients with the first type of BAV. According to the results of histology of the AV, there were no significant differences depending on the morphology of the valve. In particular, according to the results of AV histology, the frequency of calcification did not differ in groups of patients with BAV and TAV. Fibrosis with erasing of the layered histoarchitectonics of the AV of varying severity was detected in every second patient, regardless of the presence of congenital heart disease (CHD). According to the results of aortic histology, hemodynamic aneurysm in patients with BAV was much more common than in patients with TAV (p=0.0027). In addition, it was verified that in 39 patients out of 40 without pathomorphological changes in the aortic wall, aortic stenosis appeared in the diagnosis, of which 80% of patients had CHD: BAV. It was verified that 39 out of 40 patients without pathomorphological changes in the aortic wall had aortic stenosis in the diagnosis. Moreover, in 80% of patients, the main cause of aortic dilatation was identified as BAV.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: the results of this study demonstrated that in the vast majority of cases, aortic dilatation and aortic stenosis are formed during fusion of the right and left coronary cusps. The absence of morphological changes in the aortic wall in almost every third patient with DAA and BAV, confirms the genetic contribution to the formation of aortic dilatation in this category of patients and requires further study.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аортальный стеноз</kwd><kwd>аневризма аорты</kwd><kwd>бикуспидальный аортальный клапан</kwd><kwd>дисфункция клапана</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aortic stenosis</kwd><kwd>aortic aneurysm</kwd><kwd>bicuspid aortic valve</kwd><kwd>valve dysfunction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена за счёт средств государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации. Тема: «Разработка дифференцированных подходов к выбору тактики ведения женщин репродуктивного возраста с механическими протезами клапанов сердца». Номер:123021000133-8. Благодарность: Мехтиевой Э.Т., Бачинской Ю.В. за их вклад в написание данной статьи.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kong WK, Regeer MV, Ng AC, McCormack L, Poh KK, Yeo TC, et al. Sex Differences in Phenotypes of Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Aortopathy: Insights From a Large Multicenter, International Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10(3):e005155. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.116.005155</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kong WK, Regeer MV, Ng AC, McCormack L, Poh KK, Yeo TC, et al. Sex Differences in Phenotypes of Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Aortopathy: Insights From a Large Multicenter, International Registry. 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