<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">therapeutic</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Южно-Российский журнал терапевтической практики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-8156</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8344</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РостГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2712-8156-2024-5-1-60-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">therapeutic-443</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патогенетические аспекты аутореактивной формы спонтанной крапивницы у взрослых пациентов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogenetic aspects of the autoreactive form of spontaneous urticaria in adult patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-6117</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурюкина</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Churyukina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чурюкина Элла Витальевна, к.м.н., доцент, начальник отдела аллергических и аутоиммунных заболеваний НИИ акушерства и педиатрии; врач аллерголог-иммунолог высшей категории; доцент кафедры клинической иммунологии, аллергологии и лабораторной диагностики </p><p>Ростов-на-Дону; Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ella V. Churyukina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases of the Research Institute of Obstetrics and Pediatrics ; allergist-immunologist of the highest category; Associate Professor of the Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Laboratory Diagnostics of the Faculty of Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Specialists</p><p>Rostov-on-Don; Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">echuryukina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6583-3241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недашковская</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedashkovskaya</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Недашковская Наталья Геннадьевна, заведующая пульмонологическим отделением ; врач-пульмонолог высшей категории, ассистент кафедры профпатологии ; главный внештатный пульмонолог Минздрава Ростовской области</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia G. Nedashkovskaya, head of the Department of Pulmonology; pulmonologist of the highest category, assistant of the Department of Occupational Pathology, Rostov State Medical University; chief freelance pulmonologist of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Rostov region</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nenagen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-5065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синельник</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinelnik</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синельник Елена Александровна, заведующая патологоанатомическим отделением ; врач-патологоанатом высшей категории, ассистент кафедры патологической анатомии ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; главный внештатный специалист по патологической анатомии Минздрава Ростовской области</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Sinelnik, Head of the pathology department; pathologist of the highest category, assistant of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Rostov State Medical University; chief freelance specialist in pathological anatomy of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Rostov region</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">127pao.ob2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3104-827X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Додохова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dodokhova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Додохова Маргарита Авдеевна, д.м.н., зав. центральной научно-исследовательской лабораторией, доцент каф. патологической физиологии</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita A. Dodokhova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Central Research Laboratory, Associate Professor of the Department of Pathological Physiology</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dodohova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3731-6746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казимагомедова</surname><given-names>Э. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazimagomedova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казимагомедова Эсмира Шихмагомедовна, обучающаяся 3 курса стоматологического факультета</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Esmira S. Kazimagomedova, 3th year student of the Faculty of Dentistry</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esmiraslife@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2796-9466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котиева</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotieva</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котиева Инга Мовлиевна, д.м.н., проректор по научной работе, профессор кафедры патологической физиологии</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inga M. Kotieva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Vice–Rector for Research, Professor of the Department of Pathological Physiology</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kukulik70@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9773-3408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесникова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колесникова Наталья Владиславовна, д.б.н., профессор, профессор кафедры клинической иммунологии, аллергологии и лабораторной диагностики</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya V. Kolesnikova, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Professor of the Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Laboratory Diagnostics</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvk24071954@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8995-5572</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кокова Людмила Николаевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры клинической иммунологии, аллергологии и лабораторной диагностики</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila N. Kokova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Laboratory Diagnostics of the FPC and Teaching Staff</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kokovaln@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5239-0846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коков</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коков Евгений Александрович, к.м.н., доцент кафедры клинической иммунологии, аллергологии и лабораторной диагностики</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny A. Kokov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Laboratory Diagnostics of FPC and Teaching Staff</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kokovea@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1199-6471</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабиев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babiev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бабиев Сергей Андреевич, студент</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Babiev, student</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">babiev32049@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1678-1785</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильев Игорь Вячеславович, студент</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Vasilev, student</p><p>Rostov–on–Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivkovih2003@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-0664</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пузикова</surname><given-names>О. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Puzikova</surname><given-names>O. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пузикова Олеся Зиновьевна, д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского института акушерства и педиатрии</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya Z. Puzikova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher of the Pediatric Department of the Research Institute of Obstetrics and Pediatrics</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olepuzikova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5329-7336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попова Виктория Александровна, д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского института акушерства и педиатрии</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria A. Popova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief Researcher of the Pediatric Department of the Research Institute of Obstetrics and Pediatrics</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vait49@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ГБУ РО «Областная клиническая больница № 2»; ФГБУ ВО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University; Regional Clinical Hospital № 2; Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ РО «Областная клиническая больница № 2»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Hospital № 2</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ВО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чурюкина Э.В., Недашковская Н.Г., Синельник Е.А., Додохова М.А., Казимагомедова Э.Ш., Котиева И.М., Колесникова Н.В., Кокова Л.Н., Коков Е.А., Бабиев С.А., Васильев И.И., Пузикова О.З., Попова В.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чурюкина Э.В., Недашковская Н.Г., Синельник Е.А., Додохова М.А., Казимагомедова Э.Ш., Котиева И.М., Колесникова Н.В., Кокова Л.Н., Коков Е.А., Бабиев С.А., Васильев И.И., Пузикова О.З., Попова В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Churyukina E.V., Nedashkovskaya N.G., Sinelnik E.A., Dodokhova M.A., Kazimagomedova E.S., Kotieva I.M., Kolesnikova N.V., Kokova L.N., Kokov E.A., Babiev S.A., Vasiliev I.V., Puzikova O.Z., Popova V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therapeutic-j.ru/jour/article/view/443">https://www.therapeutic-j.ru/jour/article/view/443</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: изучение параметров иммунного статуса и спектра аутоиммунных маркеров больных, страдающих аутореактивной формой хронической спонтанной крапивницы. Материалы и методы: в исследовании приняли участие 67 пациентов с аутореактивной формой хронической спонтанной крапивницей (ХСК), с клинико-лабораторными признаками аутоиммунной патологии в возрасте от 18 до 65 лет, наблюдавшиеся амбулаторно или стационарно в период с 2019 по 2022 гг. В качестве контрольной группы рассматривались здоровые доноры без признаков ХСК (n=35). Результаты оценивали по динамике клинико-функционального,  иммунологического обследования. Результаты:  при оценке иммунного статуса больных аутореактивной хронической спонтанной крапивницей (АХСК) выявлено нарушение процессов дифференцировки иммунно-компетентных клеток с преобладанием Т-лимфоцитов, обладающих хелперно-индукторной активностью, влекущее инверсию иммунно-регуляторного индекса, отмечена  активация гуморального звена иммунной системы (повышение В-лимфоцитов, иммуноглобулинов классов А, М, G, повышение циркулирующих иммунных комплексов (ЦИК)). Показатели общего IgE принципиально не отличались от уровня доноров. Изменения параметров моноцитарно-макрофагального звена у больных АХСК свидетельствовали о повышении функциональной активности фагоцитирующих клеток и истощении их резервов. Заключение: при аутоиммунном генезе хронической спонтанной крапивницы имеют место достоверные изменения соответствующих сопутствующему аутоиммунному заболеванию аутоиммунных маркеров (РФ, Ат к нДНК, Ат к кардиолипину, Ат к β2-гликопротеину, Ат к нейтрофилам), отмечается высокий процент корреляции с положительным результатом теста с аутологичной сывороткой (ТАСК), имеются особенности иммунного статуса больных с аутореактивной формой хронической спонтанной крапивницы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to study the parameters of the immune status and the spectrum of autoimmune markers of patients suffering from an autoreactive form of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Materials and methods: the study involved 67 patients with an autoreactive form of chronic spontaneous urticaria, with clinical and laboratory signs of autoimmune pathology, aged 18 to 65 years, who were observed on an outpatient or inpatient basis in the period from 2019 to 2022. Healthy donors without signs of chronic spontaneous urticaria (n=35) were considered as a control group. The results were evaluated according to the dynamics of clinical and functional, immunological examination. Results: when assessing the immune status of patients with autoreactive chronic spontaneous urticaria, a violation of the differentiation processes of immune-competent cells was revealed, with a predominance of T-lymphocytes with helper-inductive activity, entailing an inversion of the immune-regulatory index, activation of the humoral link of the immune system was noted: an increase in B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins of classes A, M, G, increase of circulating immune complexes. The indicators of total IgE did not differ fundamentally from the level of donors. Changes in the parameters of the monocyte-macrophage link in patients with autoreactive form of chronic spontaneous urticaria indicated an increase in the functional activity of phagocytic cells and depletion of their reserves. Conclusion: in the autoimmune genesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria, there are significant changes in the autoimmune markers corresponding to the concomitant autoimmune disease (rheumatoid factor, antibodies (Ab) to nDNA, Ab to cardiolipin, Ab to β2-glycoprotein, Ab to neutrophils), there is a high percentage of correlation with a positive test result with autologous serum, there are features of immune status of patients with autoreactive form of chronic spontaneous urticaria.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая спонтанная крапивница</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунные маркеры</kwd><kwd>иммунный статус</kwd><kwd>тест с аутологичной сывороткой</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic spontaneous urticaria</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>autoimmune markers</kwd><kwd>immune status</kwd><kwd>autologous serum test.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральные клинические рекомендации «Крапивница». М.: Российская ассоциация аллергологов и клинических иммунологов, 2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal'nye klinicheskie rekomendatsii «Krapivnitsa». Moscow: Rossiiskaya assotsiatsiya allergologov i klinicheskikh immunologov, 2023. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maurer M, Weller K, Bindslev-Jensen C, Giménez-Arnau A, Bousquet PJ, Bousquet J, et al. Unmet clinical needs in chronic spontaneous urticaria. A GA²LEN task force report. Allergy. 2011;66(3):317-330. DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02496.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maurer M, Weller K, Bindslev-Jensen C, Giménez-Arnau A, Bousquet PJ, Bousquet J, et al. Unmet clinical needs in chronic spontaneous urticaria. A GA²LEN task force report. Allergy. 2011;66(3):317-330. DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02496.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хаитов P.M., Игнатьева Г.А., Сидорович И.Г. Х19 Иммунология: Учебник. М.: Медицина, 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khaitov P.M., Ignat'eva G.A., Sidorovich I.G. Kh19 Immunologiya: Uchebnik. Moscow: Meditsina, 2000. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чурюкина Э.В., Кудлай Д.А. Кожные проявления первичных иммунодефицитных состояний. РМЖ. Медицинское обозрение. 2022;6(2):98-104. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-2-98-104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Churyukina E.V., Kudlay D.A. Skin manifestations of primary immune deficiency diseases. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(2):98–104 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-2-98-104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горячкина Л.А., Ненашева Н.М., Борзова Е.Ю. Острая и хроническая крапивница и ангиоотек. Учебное пособие. М.; 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goryachkina L.A., Nenasheva N.M., Borzova E.Yu. Ostraya i khronicheskaya krapivnitsa i angiootek. Uchebnoe posobie. Moscow; 2003. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Curto-Barredo L, Pujol RM, Roura-Vives G, Gimenez-Arnau AM. Chronic urticaria phenotypes: clinical differences regarding triggers, activity, prognosis and therapeutic response. Eur J Dermatol. 2019;29(6):627-635. DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2019.3674</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Curto-Barredo L, Pujol RM, Roura-Vives G, Gimenez-Arnau AM. Chronic urticaria phenotypes: clinical differences regarding triggers, activity, prognosis and therapeutic response. Eur J Dermatol. 2019;29(6):627-635. DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2019.3674</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лусс Л.В. Роль аллергии и псевдоаллергии в формировании аллергических заболеваний кожи. Аллергология. 2000;(3):29-33. eLIBRARY ID: 9273388 EDN: HUYEHR</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luss L.V. Rol' allergii i psevdoallergii v formirovanii allergicheskikh zabolevanii kozhi. Allergologiya. 2000;(3):29-33. (In Russ.) eLIBRARY ID: 9273388 EDN: HUYEHR</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bracken SJ, Abraham S, MacLeod AS. Autoimmune Theories of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Front Immunol. 2019;10:627. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00627</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bracken SJ, Abraham S, MacLeod AS. Autoimmune Theories of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Front Immunol. 2019;10:627. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00627</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maurer M, Altrichter S, Schmetzer O, Scheffel J, Church MK, Metz M. Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Autoimmunity. Front Immunol. 2018;9:689. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00689</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maurer M, Altrichter S, Schmetzer O, Scheffel J, Church MK, Metz M. Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Autoimmunity. Front Immunol. 2018;9:689. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00689</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolkhir P, Church MK, Weller K, Metz M, Schmetzer O, Maurer M. Autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria: What we know and what we do not know. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(6):1772-1781.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.050</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolkhir P, Church MK, Weller K, Metz M, Schmetzer O, Maurer M. Autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria: What we know and what we do not know. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(6):1772-1781.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.050</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vonakis BM, Vasagar K, Gibbons SP Jr, Gober L, Sterba PM, Chang H, et al. Basophil FcepsilonRI histamine release parallels expression of Src-homology 2-containing inositol phosphatases in chronic idiopathic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119(2):441-448. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.09.035</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vonakis BM, Vasagar K, Gibbons SP Jr, Gober L, Sterba PM, Chang H, et al. Basophil FcepsilonRI histamine release parallels expression of Src-homology 2-containing inositol phosphatases in chronic idiopathic urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119(2):441-448. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.09.035</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luquin E, Kaplan AP, Ferrer M. Increased responsiveness of basophils of patients with chronic urticaria to sera but hypo-responsiveness to other stimuli. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005;35(4):456-460. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02212.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luquin E, Kaplan AP, Ferrer M. Increased responsiveness of basophils of patients with chronic urticaria to sera but hypo-responsiveness to other stimuli. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005;35(4):456-460. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02212.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gibbs BF, Räthling A, Zillikens D, Huber M, Haas H. Initial Fc epsilon RI-mediated signal strength plays a key role in regulating basophil signaling and deactivation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118(5):1060-1067. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.07.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gibbs BF, Räthling A, Zillikens D, Huber M, Haas H. Initial Fc epsilon RI-mediated signal strength plays a key role in regulating basophil signaling and deactivation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118(5):1060-1067. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.07.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altrichter S, Fok JS, Jiao Q, Kolkhir P, Pyatilova P, Romero SM, et al. Total IgE as a Marker for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2021;13(2):206-218. DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.2.206</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altrichter S, Fok JS, Jiao Q, Kolkhir P, Pyatilova P, Romero SM, et al. Total IgE as a Marker for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2021;13(2):206-218. DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.2.206</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Metz M, Altrichter S, Buttgereit T, Fluhr JW, Fok JS, Hawro T, et al. The Diagnostic Workup in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria-What to Test and Why. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021;9(6):2274-2283. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.03.049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Metz M, Altrichter S, Buttgereit T, Fluhr JW, Fok JS, Hawro T, et al. The Diagnostic Workup in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria-What to Test and Why. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021;9(6):2274-2283. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.03.049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolkhir P, Altrichter S, Asero R, Daschner A, Ferrer M, Giménez-Arnau A, et al. Autoimmune Diseases Are Linked to Type IIb Autoimmune Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2021;13(4):545-559. DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.4.545</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolkhir P, Altrichter S, Asero R, Daschner A, Ferrer M, Giménez-Arnau A, et al. Autoimmune Diseases Are Linked to Type IIb Autoimmune Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2021;13(4):545-559. DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.4.545</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
