therapeuticЮжно-Российский журнал терапевтической практикиSouth Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice2712-81563033-8344РостГМУ10.21886/2712-8156-2024-5-3-6-13therapeutic-510Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРаспространённость и перспективные направления коррекции поведенческих факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, связанных с нездоровым питанием и низкой физической активностью у молодых людейPrevalence and perspective directions for correction of behavioral risk factors of cardiovascular diseases associated with unhealthy diet and low physical activity in young peoplehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1972-9497ЗимаковаЕ. И.ZimakovaE. I.

Зимакова Екатерина Игоревна, аспирант факультета фундаментальной медицины 

Москва 

Ekaterina I. Zimakova 

Moscow 

dr.katyusha@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-5612ОрловаЯ. А.OrlovaI. A.

Орлова Яна Артуровна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий отделом возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний

Москва  

Iana A. Orlova 

Moscow 

5163002@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-6081БеграмбековаЮ. Л.BegrambekovaYu. L.

Беграмбекова Юлия Леоновна, к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник Отдела возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний

Москва 

Yulia L. Begrambekova 

Moscow 

julia.begrambekova@ossn.ruМедицинский научно-образовательный центр ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»РоссияMedical Scientific and Educational Center of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation20242709202453613Copyright © Зимакова Е.И., Орлова Я.А., Беграмбекова Ю.Л., 20242024Зимакова Е.И., Орлова Я.А., Беграмбекова Ю.Л.Zimakova E.I., Orlova I.A., Begrambekova Y.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.therapeutic-j.ru/jour/article/view/510

Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) являются основной причиной смерти в мире. Согласно статистическим данным Американской кардиологической ассоциации (AHA – American Heart Association), распространённость ССЗ среди молодых людей в возрасте 20–39 лет различается: 14,2% мужчин, 9,7% женщин. Поведенческие факторы риска ССЗ, то есть связанные с образом жизни, включают в себя малоподвижный образ жизни, курение, употребление алкоголя, нездоровое питание, избыточную массу тела и ожирение, депрессию. Эти факторы риска поддаются воздействию, следовательно, есть большой потенциал для снижения риска ССЗ посредством первичной или вторичной профилактики. Лица молодого возраста являются наиболее перспективной группой для проведения первичной профилактики, поскольку именно молодые люди могут быть более восприимчивы к информационному воздействию. Помимо информированности молодых людей о факторах риска ССЗ именно исходный уровень готовности молодых людей к изменениям образа жизни играет ключевую роль для снижения риска развития ССЗ.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. According to statistics from the American Heart Association (AHA), the prevalence of CVD among young people aged 20–39 years varies: 14.2% men, 9.7% women. Behavioral risk factors for CVD, in other words those related to lifestyle, include sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, overweight and obesity, and depression. These risk factors are modifiable and therefore there is great potential for reducing CVD risk through primary or secondary prevention. Young people are the most perspective group for primary prevention, since young people may be more susceptible to information influence. In addition to young people's awareness of CVD risk factors, the initial level of young people's readiness to make lifestyle changes plays a key role in reducing the risk of developing CVD.

обзорфакторы рискафизическая активностьожирениеreviewrisk factorslow physical activityobesityReferencesMarma AK, Berry JD, Ning H, Persell SD, Lloyd-Jones DM. Distribution of 10-year and lifetime predicted risks for cardiovascular disease in US adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2006. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010;3(1):8-14. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.869727Marma AK, Berry JD, Ning H, Persell SD, Lloyd-Jones DM. Distribution of 10-year and lifetime predicted risks for cardiovascular disease in US adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2006. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010;3(1):8-14. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.869727Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Alonso A, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;145(8):e153-e639. Erratum in: Circulation. 2022;146(10):e141. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001052Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Alonso A, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;145(8):e153-e639. Erratum in: Circulation. 2022;146(10):e141. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001052Loria CM, Liu K, Lewis CE, Hulley SB, Sidney S, Schreiner PJ, et al. Early adult risk factor levels and subsequent coronary artery calcification: the CARDIA Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49(20):2013-2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.03.009Loria CM, Liu K, Lewis CE, Hulley SB, Sidney S, Schreiner PJ, et al. Early adult risk factor levels and subsequent coronary artery calcification: the CARDIA Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49(20):2013-2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.03.009Timmis A, Vardas P, Townsend N, Torbica A, Katus H, De Smedt D, et al. European Society of Cardiology: cardiovascular disease statistics 2021. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(8):716-799. Erratum in: Eur Heart J. 2022;43(8):799. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab892Timmis A, Vardas P, Townsend N, Torbica A, Katus H, De Smedt D, et al. European Society of Cardiology: cardiovascular disease statistics 2021. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(8):716-799. Erratum in: Eur Heart J. 2022;43(8):799. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab892Akesson A, Weismayer C, Newby PK, Wolk A. Combined effect of low-risk dietary and lifestyle behaviors in primary prevention of myocardial infarction in women. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(19):2122-2127. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.167.19.2122Akesson A, Weismayer C, Newby PK, Wolk A. Combined effect of low-risk dietary and lifestyle behaviors in primary prevention of myocardial infarction in women. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(19):2122-2127. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.167.19.2122Кобякова О.С., Деев И.А., Лукашова А.М., Старовойтова Е.А., Куликов Е.С. Распространенность факторов риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний в популяции студентов. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2016;15(3):74-80. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2016-3-74-80Kobyakova O.S., Deev I.A., Lukashova A.M., Starovoytova E.A., Kulikov E.S. The prevalence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in student population. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2016;15(3):74-80. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2016-3-74-80World Health Organization. Physical activity. 2022.World Health Organization. Physical activity. 2022.Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(10):e1077-e1086. Erratum in: Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(1):e36. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(10):e1077-e1086. Erratum in: Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(1):e36. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7Patterson R, McNamara E, Tainio M, de Sá TH, Smith AD, Sharp SJ, et al. Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018;33(9):811-829. DOI: 10.1007/s10654-018-0380-1Patterson R, McNamara E, Tainio M, de Sá TH, Smith AD, Sharp SJ, et al. Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018;33(9):811-829. DOI: 10.1007/s10654-018-0380-1Ekelund U, Steene-Johannessen J, Brown WJ, Fagerland MW, Owen N, Powell KE, et al. Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? A harmonised meta-analysis of data from more than 1 million men and women. Lancet. 2016;388(10051):1302-1310. Erratum in: Lancet. 2016;388(10051):e6. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30370-1Ekelund U, Steene-Johannessen J, Brown WJ, Fagerland MW, Owen N, Powell KE, et al. Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? A harmonised meta-analysis of data from more than 1 million men and women. Lancet. 2016;388(10051):1302-1310. Erratum in: Lancet. 2016;388(10051):e6. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30370-1Мырзаматова А.О., Концевая А.В., Баланова Ю.А., Муканеева Д.К. Аналитический обзор ассоциации поведенческих факторов риска с хроническими неинфекционными заболеваниями. Профилактическая медицина. 2019;22(5):136-142. DOI: 10.17116/profmed201922051136Myrzamatova AO, Kontsevaia AV, Balanova IuA, Mukaneeva DK. An analytical review of the association of behavioral risk factors with chronic noncommunicable diseases. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2019;22(5):136-142. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17116/profmed201922051136Sallis JF, Bull F, Guthold R, Heath GW, Inoue S, Kelly P, et al. Progress in physical activity over the Olympic quadrennium. Lancet. 2016;388(10051):1325-1336. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30581-5Sallis JF, Bull F, Guthold R, Heath GW, Inoue S, Kelly P, et al. Progress in physical activity over the Olympic quadrennium. Lancet. 2016;388(10051):1325-1336. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30581-5Stamatakis E, Gale J, Bauman A, Ekelund U, Hamer M, Ding D. Sitting Time, Physical Activity, and Risk of Mortality in Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(16):2062-2072. Erratum in: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(21):2789. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.02.031.Stamatakis E, Gale J, Bauman A, Ekelund U, Hamer M, Ding D. Sitting Time, Physical Activity, and Risk of Mortality in Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(16):2062-2072. Erratum in: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(21):2789. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.02.031.Qiu S, Cai X, Jia L, Sun Z, Wu T, Wendt J, et al. Does objectively measured light-intensity physical activity reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality? A meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2021;7(5):496-504. DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa051Qiu S, Cai X, Jia L, Sun Z, Wu T, Wendt J, et al. Does objectively measured light-intensity physical activity reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality? A meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2021;7(5):496-504. DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa051Lin H, Sardana M, Zhang Y, Liu C, Trinquart L, Benjamin EJ, et al. Association of Habitual Physical Activity With Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Circ Res. 2020;127(10):1253-1260. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317578Lin H, Sardana M, Zhang Y, Liu C, Trinquart L, Benjamin EJ, et al. Association of Habitual Physical Activity With Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Circ Res. 2020;127(10):1253-1260. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317578Драпкина О.М., Шепель Р.Н. Оценка уровня физической активности у пациентов с избыточной массой тела и ожирением в Российской Федерации (ФАКТОР-РФ): обоснование и дизайн исследования. Профилактическая медицина. 2020;23(3):7-19. DOI: 10.17116/profmed2020230317Drapkina O.M., Shepel R.N. Assessment of the level of physical activity in patients with overweight and obesity in the Russian Federation (FACTOR-RF): argumentation and study design. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2020;23(3):7-19. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17116/profmed2020230317Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, Maki M, Yachi Y, Asumi M, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of allcause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009;301(19):2024-2035. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2009.681Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, Maki M, Yachi Y, Asumi M, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of allcause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009;301(19):2024-2035. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2009.681Santana CCA, Azevedo LB, Cattuzzo MT, Hill JO, Andrade LP, Prado WL. Physical fitness and academic performance in youth: A systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017;27(6):579-603. DOI: 10.1111/sms.12773Santana CCA, Azevedo LB, Cattuzzo MT, Hill JO, Andrade LP, Prado WL. Physical fitness and academic performance in youth: A systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017;27(6):579-603. DOI: 10.1111/sms.12773Lubans D, Richards J, Hillman C, Faulkner G, Beauchamp M, Nilsson M, et al. Physical Activity for Cognitive and Mental Health in Youth: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms. Pediatrics. 2016;138(3):e20161642. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1642Lubans D, Richards J, Hillman C, Faulkner G, Beauchamp M, Nilsson M, et al. Physical Activity for Cognitive and Mental Health in Youth: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms. Pediatrics. 2016;138(3):e20161642. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1642Ekblom-Bak E, Björkman F, Hellenius ML, Ekblom B. A new submaximal cycle ergometer test for prediction of VO2max. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;24(2):319-326. DOI: 10.1111/sms.12014Ekblom-Bak E, Björkman F, Hellenius ML, Ekblom B. A new submaximal cycle ergometer test for prediction of VO2max. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;24(2):319-326. DOI: 10.1111/sms.12014Tomkinson GR, Lang JJ, Tremblay MS. Temporal trends in the cardiorespiratory fitness of children and adolescents representing 19 high-income and upper middle-income countries between 1981 and 2014. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(8):478-486. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097982Tomkinson GR, Lang JJ, Tremblay MS. Temporal trends in the cardiorespiratory fitness of children and adolescents representing 19 high-income and upper middle-income countries between 1981 and 2014. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(8):478-486. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097982Gnanendran A, Pyne DB, Fallon KE, Fricker PA. Attitudes of medical students, clinicians and sports scientists towards exercise counselling. J Sports Sci Med. 2011;10(3):426-431. PMID: 24150613; PMCID: PMC3737811.Gnanendran A, Pyne DB, Fallon KE, Fricker PA. Attitudes of medical students, clinicians and sports scientists towards exercise counselling. J Sports Sci Med. 2011;10(3):426-431. PMID: 24150613; PMCID: PMC3737811.Бойцов С.А., Погосова Н.В., Аншелес А.А., Бадтиева В.А., Балахонова Т.В., Барбараш О.Л., и др. Кардиоваскулярная профилактика 2022. Российские национальные рекомендации. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2023;28(5):5452. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5452Boytsov S.A., Pogosova N.V., Ansheles A.A., Badtieva V.A., Balakhonova T.V., Barbarash O.L., et al. Cardiovascular prevention 2022. Russian national guidelines. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2023;28(5):5452. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5452Almutairi KM, Alonazi WB, Vinluan JM, Almigbal TH, Batais MA, Alodhayani AA, et al. Health promoting lifestyle of university students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional assessment. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1093. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5999-zAlmutairi KM, Alonazi WB, Vinluan JM, Almigbal TH, Batais MA, Alodhayani AA, et al. Health promoting lifestyle of university students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional assessment. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1093. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5999-zSharma A, Sah SP, Rajak A, Ayush BC, Sah A, Dhakal R, et al. Assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness among medical students: a prospective study. F1000Res. 2022;11:776. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.122673.1Sharma A, Sah SP, Rajak A, Ayush BC, Sah A, Dhakal R, et al. Assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness among medical students: a prospective study. F1000Res. 2022;11:776. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.122673.1Miroshnichenko VM, Furman YM, Brezdeniuk OY, Onyshchuk VE, Gavrylova NV, Salnykova SV. Correlation of maximum oxygen consumption with component composition of the body, body mass of men with different somatotypes aged 25-35. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports. 2020;24(6):290–296.Miroshnichenko VM, Furman YM, Brezdeniuk OY, Onyshchuk VE, Gavrylova NV, Salnykova SV. Correlation of maximum oxygen consumption with component composition of the body, body mass of men with different somatotypes aged 25-35. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports. 2020;24(6):290–296.Ross R, Blair SN, Arena R, Church TS, Després JP, Franklin BA, et al. Importance of Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Clinical Practice: A Case for Fitness as a Clinical Vital Sign: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134(24):e653-e699. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000461Ross R, Blair SN, Arena R, Church TS, Després JP, Franklin BA, et al. Importance of Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Clinical Practice: A Case for Fitness as a Clinical Vital Sign: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134(24):e653-e699. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000461Самойлова Ю.Г., Матвеева М.В., Логинова О.А., Подчиненова Д.В., Коваренко М.А., Вачадзе Т.Д. Особенности ожирения у молодых людей. Профилактическая медицина. 2024;27(4):109-115. DOI: 10.17116/profmed202427041109Samoilova IuG, Matveeva MV, Loginova OA, Podchinenova DV, Kovarenko MA, Vachadze TD. Obesity peculiarities in youth. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2024;27(4):109-115. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17116/profmed202427041109World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. 2021.World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. 2021.Bucher Della Torre S, Courvoisier DS, Saldarriaga A, Martin XE, Farpour-Lambert NJ. Knowledge, attitudes, representations and declared practices of nurses and physicians about obesity in a university hospital: training is essential. Clin Obes. 2018;8(2):122-130. DOI: 10.1111/cob.12238Bucher Della Torre S, Courvoisier DS, Saldarriaga A, Martin XE, Farpour-Lambert NJ. Knowledge, attitudes, representations and declared practices of nurses and physicians about obesity in a university hospital: training is essential. Clin Obes. 2018;8(2):122-130. DOI: 10.1111/cob.12238Сваровская А.В., Гарганеева А.А. Антропометрические индексы ожирения и кардиометаболический риск: есть ли связь? Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2021;20(4):2746. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2746Svarovskaya A.V., Garganeeva A.A. Anthropometric indices obesity and cardiometabolic risk: is there a link? Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2021;20(4):2746. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2746Cercato C, Fonseca FA. Cardiovascular risk and obesity. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2019;11:74. DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0468-0Cercato C, Fonseca FA. Cardiovascular risk and obesity. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2019;11:74. DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0468-0Xue B, Zhang X, Li T, Gu Y, Wang R, Chen W, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of obesity among university students. Ann Palliat Med. 2021;10(4):4539-4546. DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-573Xue B, Zhang X, Li T, Gu Y, Wang R, Chen W, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of obesity among university students. Ann Palliat Med. 2021;10(4):4539-4546. DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-573Skinner AC, Mayer ML, Flower K, Weinberger M. Health status and health care expenditures in a nationally representative sample: how do overweight and healthy-weight children compare? Pediatrics. 2008;121(2):e269-277. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-0874Skinner AC, Mayer ML, Flower K, Weinberger M. Health status and health care expenditures in a nationally representative sample: how do overweight and healthy-weight children compare? Pediatrics. 2008;121(2):e269-277. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-0874Skinner AC, Perrin EM, Moss LA, Skelton JA. Cardiometabolic Risks and Severity of Obesity in Children and Young Adults. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(14):1307-1317. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1502821Skinner AC, Perrin EM, Moss LA, Skelton JA. Cardiometabolic Risks and Severity of Obesity in Children and Young Adults. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(14):1307-1317. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1502821Aggarwal R, Yeh RW, Joynt Maddox KE, Wadhera RK. Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence, Treatment, and Control in US Adults Aged 20 to 44 Years, 2009 to March 2020. JAMA. 2023;329(11):899-909. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.2307Aggarwal R, Yeh RW, Joynt Maddox KE, Wadhera RK. Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence, Treatment, and Control in US Adults Aged 20 to 44 Years, 2009 to March 2020. JAMA. 2023;329(11):899-909. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.2307Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA. 2006;295(13):1549-1555. DOI: 10.1001/jama.295.13.1549Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA. 2006;295(13):1549-1555. DOI: 10.1001/jama.295.13.1549Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9945):766-781. Erratum in: Lancet. 2014;384(9945):746. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9945):766-781. Erratum in: Lancet. 2014;384(9945):746. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8Gropper SS, Simmons KP, Connell LJ, Ulrich PV. Changes in body weight, composition, and shape: a 4-year study of college students. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012;37(6):1118-1123. DOI: 10.1139/h2012-139Gropper SS, Simmons KP, Connell LJ, Ulrich PV. Changes in body weight, composition, and shape: a 4-year study of college students. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012;37(6):1118-1123. DOI: 10.1139/h2012-139GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2019;393(10184):1958-1972. Erratum in: Lancet. 2021;397(10293):2466. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8. Epub 2019 Apr 4.GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2019;393(10184):1958-1972. Erratum in: Lancet. 2021;397(10293):2466. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8. Epub 2019 Apr 4.Trieu K, Neal B, Hawkes C, Dunford E, Campbell N, Rodriguez-Fernandez R, et al. Salt Reduction Initiatives around the World - A Systematic Review of Progress towards the Global Target. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0130247. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130247Trieu K, Neal B, Hawkes C, Dunford E, Campbell N, Rodriguez-Fernandez R, et al. Salt Reduction Initiatives around the World - A Systematic Review of Progress towards the Global Target. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0130247. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130247de Souza RJ, Mente A, Maroleanu A, Cozma AI, Ha V, Kishibe T, et al. Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ. 2015;351:h3978. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h3978de Souza RJ, Mente A, Maroleanu A, Cozma AI, Ha V, Kishibe T, et al. Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ. 2015;351:h3978. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h3978Jakobsen MU, O’Reilly EJ, Heitmann BL, Pereira MA, Bälter K, Fraser GE, et al. Major types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89(5):1425-1432. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27124Jakobsen MU, O’Reilly EJ, Heitmann BL, Pereira MA, Bälter K, Fraser GE, et al. Major types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89(5):1425-1432. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27124Welsh JA, Sharma A, Cunningham SA, Vos MB. Consumption of added sugars and indicators of cardiovascular disease risk among US adolescents. Circulation. 2011;123(3):249-257. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.972166Welsh JA, Sharma A, Cunningham SA, Vos MB. Consumption of added sugars and indicators of cardiovascular disease risk among US adolescents. Circulation. 2011;123(3):249-257. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.972166Yang Q, Zhang Z, Gregg EW, Flanders WD, Merritt R, Hu FB. Added sugar intake and cardiovascular diseases mortality among US adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(4):516-524. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13563Yang Q, Zhang Z, Gregg EW, Flanders WD, Merritt R, Hu FB. Added sugar intake and cardiovascular diseases mortality among US adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(4):516-524. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13563Aune D, Giovannucci E, Boffetta P, Fadnes LT, Keum N, Norat T, et al. Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality-a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(3):1029-1056. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw319Aune D, Giovannucci E, Boffetta P, Fadnes LT, Keum N, Norat T, et al. Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality-a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(3):1029-1056. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw319Баланова Ю.А., Концевая А.В., Шальнова С.А., Деев А.Д., Артамонова В.Г., Гатагонова Т.М., и др. Распространенность поведенческих факторов риска сердечнососудистых заболеваний в российской популяции по результатам исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Профилактическая медицина. 2014;17(5):42-52.Balanova IuA, Kontsevaia AV, Shalnova SA, Deev AD, Artamonova VG, Gatagonova TM, et al. Prevalence of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the Russian population: Results of the ESSE-RF epidemiological study. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2014;17(5):42-52. (In Russ.)Huang TT, Harris KJ, Lee RE, Nazir N, Born W, Kaur H. Assessing overweight, obesity, diet, and physical activity in college students. J Am Coll Health. 2003;52(2):83-6. DOI: 10.1080/07448480309595728Huang TT, Harris KJ, Lee RE, Nazir N, Born W, Kaur H. Assessing overweight, obesity, diet, and physical activity in college students. J Am Coll Health. 2003;52(2):83-6. DOI: 10.1080/07448480309595728Huffman L, West DS. Readiness to change sugar sweetened beverage intake among college students. Eat Behav. 2007;8(1):10-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.04.005Huffman L, West DS. Readiness to change sugar sweetened beverage intake among college students. Eat Behav. 2007;8(1):10-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.04.005Закирова А.И., Литовченко О.Г., Тостановский А.В. Отношение студентов к здоровому образу жизни. Профилактическая медицина. 2023;26(3):75-80. DOI: 10.17116/profmed20232603175Zakirova AI, Litovchenko OG, Tostanovsky AV. Attitude of students toward a healthy lifestyle. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2023;26(3):75-80. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17116/profmed20232603175Помешкина Е.Е., Цыганкова Д.П., Баздырев Е.Д. Компоненты здорового образа жизни у студентов высших учебных заведений Кемерова. Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. 2022;11(4S):88-97. DOI: 10.17802/2306-1278-2022-11-4S-88-97Pomeshkina E.E., Tsygankova D.P., Bazdyrev E.D. Components of a healthy lifestyle among tertiary students in Kemerovo. Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2022;11(4S):88- 97. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17802/2306-1278-2022-11-4S-88-97Гаус О.В., Ливзан М.А., Турчанинов Д.В., Попелло Д.В. Характер питания и пищевые привычки в молодежной среде. Профилактическая медицина. 2021;24(4):37–40.DOI: 10.17116/profmed20212404137Gaus OV, Livzan MA, Turchaninov DV, Popello DV. Nutrition specific and eating habits among young people. The Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2021;24(4):37–40. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17116/profmed20212404137Dhruv S, Iyer U, Bhatt K. Assessment of Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors among Young Adult Females. Am J Infect Dis. 2012;8(1):34–40.Dhruv S, Iyer U, Bhatt K. Assessment of Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors among Young Adult Females. Am J Infect Dis. 2012;8(1):34–40.Bucholz EM, Gooding HC, de Ferranti SD. Awareness of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in U.S. Young Adults Aged 18-39 Years. Am J Prev Med. 2018;54(4):e67-e77. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.022Bucholz EM, Gooding HC, de Ferranti SD. Awareness of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in U.S. Young Adults Aged 18-39 Years. Am J Prev Med. 2018;54(4):e67-e77. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.022Tran DT, Sojobi A. Review of the Scientific Literature on Young Adults Related to Cardiovascular Disease Intervention. Asian Pac Isl Nurs J. 2020;5(1):35-46. DOI: 10.31372/20200501.1084Tran DT, Sojobi A. Review of the Scientific Literature on Young Adults Related to Cardiovascular Disease Intervention. Asian Pac Isl Nurs J. 2020;5(1):35-46. DOI: 10.31372/20200501.1084Kim HN, Seo K. Smartphone-Based Health Program for Improving Physical Activity and Tackling Obesity for Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;17(1):15. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010015Kim HN, Seo K. Smartphone-Based Health Program for Improving Physical Activity and Tackling Obesity for Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;17(1):15. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010015

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.