therapeuticЮжно-Российский журнал терапевтической практикиSouth Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice2712-81563033-8344РостГМУ10.21886/2712-8156-2024-5-4-6-14therapeutic-552Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОдышка у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями: клинико-диагностические и патофизиологические аспектыDyspnea in patients with cardiovascular diseases: clinical, diagnostic and pathophysiologic aspectshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8599-2990ЮпатовВ. Д.YupatovV. D.

Юпатов Владимир Дмитриевич, аспирант кафедры госпитальной терапии лечебного факультета 

Саратов

Vladimir D. Yupatov, postgraduate student of the Department of Hospital Therapy, Faculty of Medicine

Saratov

bobstersar@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7464-826XКаролиН. А.KaroliN. A.

Кароли Нина Анатольевна, д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии лечебного факультета 

Саратов

Karoli Nina Anatolievna, MD, Professor, Professor of the Department of Hospital Therapy, Faculty of Medicine

Saratov

nina.karoli.73@gmail.comФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского» Минздрава РоссииРоссияSaratov State Medical University named after V.I. RazumovskyRussian Federation20242611202454614Copyright © Юпатов В.Д., Кароли Н.А., 20242024Юпатов В.Д., Кароли Н.А.Yupatov V.D., Karoli N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.therapeutic-j.ru/jour/article/view/552

Одышка является одним из наиболее часто встречающихся симптомов у пациентов с различными заболеваниями. Одышка при стабильной ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС), особенно у пациентов с перенесённым инфарктом миокарда, в большинстве случаев рассматривается как проявление хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН). Нередко практикующие врачи и не задумываются о вероятности другого генеза одышки у своих больных. Это может приводить к гипердиагностике ХСН. В обзоре представлены данные о частоте встречаемости, прогностической значимости, особенностях классификации, а также методах оценки одышки у терапевтических больных. Описаны особенности генеза одышки у пациентов с ИБС, ХСН, а также у пожилых пациентов. Отсутствие универсального и доступного метода оценки одышки затрудняет её дифференциальную диагностику, особенно у пациентов с сочетанием патологии дыхательной и сердечно-сосудистой систем. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования, направленные на разработку методов комплексной оценки диспноэ у больных с сердечно-сосудистыми и другими заболеваниями в различных возрастных группах.

Dyspnea is one of the most common symptoms in patients with various diseases. Dyspnea in stable ischemic heart disease (IHD), especially in a patient with prior myocardial infarction, is in most cases considered as a manifestation of congestive heart failure (CHF). And often practicing physicians do not think about the possibility of another genesis of dyspnea in their patients. This may lead to overdiagnosis of CHF. The review presents data on the occurrence, prognostic significance, classification features, as well as methods of dyspnea evaluation in therapeutic patients. The peculiarities of dyspnea genesis in patients with IHD, CHF, as well as in elderly patients are described. The absence of a universal and accessible method of dyspnea assessment complicates its differential diagnosis, especially in patients with a combination of pathology of respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Further research is needed to develop methods of complex assessment of dyspnea in patients with cardiovascular and other diseases in different age groups.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.