therapeuticЮжно-Российский журнал терапевтической практикиSouth Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice2712-81563033-8344РостГМУ10.21886/2712-8156-2025-6-4-43-50therapeutic-674Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSКлиническое значение фибромиалгии при ревматических заболеваниях: особенности диагностики и терапевтические стратегииClinical significance of fibromyalgia in rheumatic diseases: diagnostic aspects and therapeutic strategieshttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-9671-8950КирносоваО. А.KirnosovaO. A.

Кирносова Ольга Андреевна, аспирант, ассистент кафедры госпитальной терапии института клинической медицины 

Саратов

Olga A. Kirnosova

Saratov

olga.kirnosova@mail.ruНикитинаА. Д.NikitinaA. D.

Никитина Алиса Денисовна, магистрант 2 года обучения, ОП «Персонология. Консультативная психология и психотерапия», Департамент психологии, Факультет социальных наук

Москва

Alisa D. Nikitina

Moscow

aldenikitina@edu.hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0313-1191НикитинаН. М.NikitinaN. M.

Никитина Наталья Михайловна, д.м.н., заведующий кафедрой госпитальной терапии института клинической медицины

Саратов

Natalya M. Nikitina

Saratov

nikina02@yandex.ruФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского» Минздрава РоссииРоссияSaratov State Medical University n. a. V.I. RazumovskyRussian FederationНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation202523122025644350Copyright © Кирносова О.А., Никитина А.Д., Никитина Н.М., 20252025Кирносова О.А., Никитина А.Д., Никитина Н.М.Kirnosova O.A., Nikitina A.D., Nikitina N.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.therapeutic-j.ru/jour/article/view/674

По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, боль остаётся одной из ведущих причин обращения за медицинской помощью. Современное понимание боли базируется на биопсихосоциальной модели. Хронический болевой синдром (ХБС) у больных с ревматическими заболеваниями представляет собой сложный многоуровневый континуум, часто смешанный по происхождению, в котором сочетаются ноцицептивные, нейропатические и ноципластические механизмы. В обзоре анализируется место центральной сенситизации (ЦС) и фибромиалгии (ФМ) в поддержании персистирования боли у пациентов ревматологического профиля, представлены данные систематических обзоров и мета-анализов о распространённости ФМ при различных ревматических заболеваниях и её влиянии на клинические индексы активности заболевания и качество жизни пациентов. Обсуждаются современные терапевтические подходы к коррекции ЦС и ФМ, включая немедикаментозные методы, препараты центрального действия и перспективы применения ингибиторов янус-киназ (JAK), способных воздействовать как на воспалительные, так и на нейроиммунные механизмы боли.

According to the World Health Organization, pain remains one of the leading causes for seeking medical care. The modern understanding of pain is grounded in the biopsychosocial model, reflecting its complex and multidimensional nature. In patients with rheumatic diseases, chronic pain represents a multifactorial continuum that often integrates nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic mechanisms. This review analyzes the role of central sensitization (CS) and fibromyalgia (FM) in sustaining chronic pain among patients with rheumatic diseases, summarizing evidence from recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the prevalence of FM across rheumatic disorders and its impact on disease activity indices and quality of life. Current therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating CS and FM are discussed, including non-pharmacological interventions, centrally acting pharmacotherapies, and the emerging potential of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, which may modulate both inflammatory and neuroimmune mechanisms of pain.

ревматические заболеванияревматоидный артритспондилоартритыфибромиалгияхроническая больцентральная сенситизацияноципластическая больrheumatic diseasesrheumatoid arthritisspondyloarthritisfibromyalgiachronic paincentral sensitizationnociplastic painReferencesTreede RD, Rief W, Barke A, Aziz Q, Bennett MI, Benoliel R, et al. A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11. Pain. 2015;156(6):1003-1007. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000160Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A, Aziz Q, Bennett MI, Benoliel R, et al. A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11. Pain. 2015;156(6):1003-1007. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000160Курушина О.В., Шкарин В.В., Ивашева В.В., Барулин А.Е. Проблемы изучения эпидемиологии хронической боли в Российской Федерации. Российский журнал боли. 2022;20(3):31‑35. https://doi.org/10.17116/pain20222003131Kurushina O.V., Shkarin V.V., Ivasheva V.V., Barulin A.E. Problems of studying the epidemiology of chronic pain in the Russian Federation. Russian Journal of Pain. 2022;20(3):31‑35. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/pain20222003131Mills SEE, Nicolson KP, Smith BH. Chronic pain: a review of its epidemiology and associated factors in population-based studies. Br J Anaesth. 2019;123(2):e273-e283. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.03.023Mills SEE, Nicolson KP, Smith BH. Chronic pain: a review of its epidemiology and associated factors in population-based studies. Br J Anaesth. 2019;123(2):e273-e283. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.03.023Guler MA, Celik OF, Ayhan FF. The important role of central sensitization in chronic musculoskeletal pain seen in different rheumatic diseases. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(1):269-274. doi: 10.1007/s10067-019-04749-1Guler MA, Celik OF, Ayhan FF. The important role of central sensitization in chronic musculoskeletal pain seen in different rheumatic diseases. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(1):269-274. doi: 10.1007/s10067-019-04749-1Berghea F, Berghea CE, Zaharia D, Trandafir AI, Nita EC, Vlad VM. Residual Pain in the Context of Selecting and Switching Biologic Therapy in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:712645. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.712645Berghea F, Berghea CE, Zaharia D, Trandafir AI, Nita EC, Vlad VM. Residual Pain in the Context of Selecting and Switching Biologic Therapy in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:712645. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.712645Mendell LM. The Path to Discovery of Windup and Central Sensitization. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2022;3:833104. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2022.833104Mendell LM. The Path to Discovery of Windup and Central Sensitization. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2022;3:833104. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2022.833104Volcheck MM, Graham SM, Fleming KC, Mohabbat AB, Luedtke CA. Central sensitization, chronic pain, and other symptoms: Better understanding, better management. Cleve Clin J Med. 2023;90(4):245-254. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.90a.22019Volcheck MM, Graham SM, Fleming KC, Mohabbat AB, Luedtke CA. Central sensitization, chronic pain, and other symptoms: Better understanding, better management. Cleve Clin J Med. 2023;90(4):245-254. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.90a.22019Mezhov V, Guymer E, Littlejohn G. Central sensitivity and fibromyalgia. Intern Med J. 2021;51(12):1990-1998. doi: 10.1111/imj.15430Mezhov V, Guymer E, Littlejohn G. Central sensitivity and fibromyalgia. Intern Med J. 2021;51(12):1990-1998. doi: 10.1111/imj.15430Winslow BT, Vandal C, Dang L. Fibromyalgia: Diagnosis and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2023;107(2):137-144. PMID: 36791450.Winslow BT, Vandal C, Dang L. Fibromyalgia: Diagnosis and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2023;107(2):137-144. PMID: 36791450.Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, Goldenberg DL, Katz RS, Mease P, et al. The American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and measurement of symptom severity. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010;62(5):600-610. doi: 10.1002/acr.20140Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, Goldenberg DL, Katz RS, Mease P, et al. The American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and measurement of symptom severity. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010;62(5):600-610. doi: 10.1002/acr.20140Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, Goldenberg DL, Häuser W, Katz RL, et al. 2016 Revisions to the 2010/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46(3):319-329. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, Goldenberg DL, Häuser W, Katz RL, et al. 2016 Revisions to the 2010/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46(3):319-329. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012Twenty-second rheumatism review. Review of the American and English literature for the years 1973 and 1974. Arthritis Rheum. 1976;19(6 SUPPL):973-1223. PMID: 793600.Twenty-second rheumatism review. Review of the American and English literature for the years 1973 and 1974. Arthritis Rheum. 1976;19(6 SUPPL):973-1223. PMID: 793600.Smythe HA, Moldofsky H. Two contributions to understanding of the "fibrositis" syndrome. Bull Rheum Dis. 1977-1978;28(1):928-931. PMID: 199304.Smythe HA, Moldofsky H. Two contributions to understanding of the "fibrositis" syndrome. Bull Rheum Dis. 1977-1978;28(1):928-931. PMID: 199304.Yunus M, Masi AT, Calabro JJ, Miller KA, Feigenbaum SL. Primary fibromyalgia (fibrositis): clinical study of 50 patients with matched normal controls. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1981;11(1):151-171. doi: 10.1016/0049-0172(81)90096-2Yunus M, Masi AT, Calabro JJ, Miller KA, Feigenbaum SL. Primary fibromyalgia (fibrositis): clinical study of 50 patients with matched normal controls. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1981;11(1):151-171. doi: 10.1016/0049-0172(81)90096-2Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, Bennett RM, Bombardier C, Goldenberg DL, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33(2):160-172. doi: 10.1002/art.1780330203Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, Bennett RM, Bombardier C, Goldenberg DL, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33(2):160-172. doi: 10.1002/art.1780330203Arnold LM, Bennett RM, Crofford LJ, Dean LE, Clauw DJ, Goldenberg DL, et al. AAPT Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia. J Pain. 2019;20(6):611-628. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.10.008Arnold LM, Bennett RM, Crofford LJ, Dean LE, Clauw DJ, Goldenberg DL, et al. AAPT Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia. J Pain. 2019;20(6):611-628. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.10.008Dizner-Golab A, Lisowska B, Kosson D. Fibromyalgia - etiology, diagnosis and treatment including perioperative management in patients with fibromyalgia. Reumatologia. 2023;61(2):137-148. doi: 10.5114/reum/163094Dizner-Golab A, Lisowska B, Kosson D. Fibromyalgia - etiology, diagnosis and treatment including perioperative management in patients with fibromyalgia. Reumatologia. 2023;61(2):137-148. doi: 10.5114/reum/163094Cabo-Meseguer A, Cerdá-Olmedo G, Trillo-Mata JL. Fibromyalgia: Prevalence, epidemiologic profiles and economic costs. Med Clin (Barc). 2017;149(10):441-448. (In English, Spanish). doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.06.008Cabo-Meseguer A, Cerdá-Olmedo G, Trillo-Mata JL. Fibromyalgia: Prevalence, epidemiologic profiles and economic costs. Med Clin (Barc). 2017;149(10):441-448. (In English, Spanish). doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.06.008Fayaz A, Croft P, Langford RM, Donaldson LJ, Jones GT. Prevalence of chronic pain in the UK: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies. BMJ Open. 2016;6(6):e010364. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010364Fayaz A, Croft P, Langford RM, Donaldson LJ, Jones GT. Prevalence of chronic pain in the UK: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies. BMJ Open. 2016;6(6):e010364. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010364Benebo FO, Lukic M, Jakobsen MD, Braaten TB. Lifestyle risk factors of self-reported fibromyalgia in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1967. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16773-7Benebo FO, Lukic M, Jakobsen MD, Braaten TB. Lifestyle risk factors of self-reported fibromyalgia in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1967. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16773-7Heidari F, Afshari M, Moosazadeh M. Prevalence of fibromyalgia in general population and patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int. 2017;37(9):1527-1539. doi: 10.1007/s00296-017-3725-2Heidari F, Afshari M, Moosazadeh M. Prevalence of fibromyalgia in general population and patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int. 2017;37(9):1527-1539. doi: 10.1007/s00296-017-3725-2Aaron RV, Ravyts SG, Carnahan ND, Bhattiprolu K, Harte N, McCaulley CC, et al. Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Adults With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(3):e250268. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0268Aaron RV, Ravyts SG, Carnahan ND, Bhattiprolu K, Harte N, McCaulley CC, et al. Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Adults With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(3):e250268. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0268Sarzi-Puttini P, Pellegrino G, Giorgi V, Bongiovanni SF, Varrassi G, Di Lascio S, et al. "Inflammatory or non-inflammatory pain in inflammatory arthritis - How to differentiate it?". Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2024;38(1):101970. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2024.101970Sarzi-Puttini P, Pellegrino G, Giorgi V, Bongiovanni SF, Varrassi G, Di Lascio S, et al. "Inflammatory or non-inflammatory pain in inflammatory arthritis - How to differentiate it?". Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2024;38(1):101970. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2024.101970Duffield SJ, Miller N, Zhao S, Goodson NJ. Concomitant fibromyalgia complicating chronic inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018;57(8):1453-1460. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/key112Duffield SJ, Miller N, Zhao S, Goodson NJ. Concomitant fibromyalgia complicating chronic inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018;57(8):1453-1460. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/key112Mistry S, Daoud A, Magrey MN, Pamuk ON. The frequency of fibromyalgia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2025;44(1):9-21. doi: 10.1007/s10067-024-07188-9Mistry S, Daoud A, Magrey MN, Pamuk ON. The frequency of fibromyalgia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2025;44(1):9-21. doi: 10.1007/s10067-024-07188-9Corbitt K, Carlucci PM, Cohen B, Masson M, Saxena A, Belmont HM, et al. Clinical and Serologic Phenotyping and Damage Indices in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With and Without Fibromyalgia. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2024;6(4):172-178. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11641Corbitt K, Carlucci PM, Cohen B, Masson M, Saxena A, Belmont HM, et al. Clinical and Serologic Phenotyping and Damage Indices in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With and Without Fibromyalgia. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2024;6(4):172-178. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11641Zolio L, Lim KY, McKenzie JE, Yan MK, Estee M, Hussain SM, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of neuropathic-like pain and/or pain sensitization in people with knee and hip osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2021;29(8):1096-1116. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.021Zolio L, Lim KY, McKenzie JE, Yan MK, Estee M, Hussain SM, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of neuropathic-like pain and/or pain sensitization in people with knee and hip osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2021;29(8):1096-1116. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.021Mahgoub MY, Elnady BM, Abdelkader HS, Abdelhalem RA, Hassan WA. Comorbidity of Fibromyalgia in Primary Knee Osteoarthritis: Potential Impact on Functional Status and Quality of Life. Open Access Rheumatol. 2020;12:55-63. Erratum in: Open Access Rheumatol. 2020;12:125-126. doi: 10.2147/OARRR.S252748.Mahgoub MY, Elnady BM, Abdelkader HS, Abdelhalem RA, Hassan WA. Comorbidity of Fibromyalgia in Primary Knee Osteoarthritis: Potential Impact on Functional Status and Quality of Life. Open Access Rheumatol. 2020;12:55-63. Erratum in: Open Access Rheumatol. 2020;12:125-126. doi: 10.2147/OARRR.S252748.Zhao SS, Duffield SJ, Goodson NJ. The prevalence and impact of comorbid fibromyalgia in inflammatory arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2019;33(3):101423. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.06.005Zhao SS, Duffield SJ, Goodson NJ. The prevalence and impact of comorbid fibromyalgia in inflammatory arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2019;33(3):101423. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.06.005Jones GT, Mallawaarachchi B, Shim J, Lock J, Macfarlane GJ. The prevalence of fibromyalgia in axial spondyloarthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2020;40(10):1581-1591. doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04621-5Jones GT, Mallawaarachchi B, Shim J, Lock J, Macfarlane GJ. The prevalence of fibromyalgia in axial spondyloarthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2020;40(10):1581-1591. doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04621-5Couto N, Monteiro D, Cid L, Bento T. Effect of different types of exercise in adult subjects with fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):10391. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14213-xCouto N, Monteiro D, Cid L, Bento T. Effect of different types of exercise in adult subjects with fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):10391. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14213-xWilliams ACC, Fisher E, Hearn L, Eccleston C. Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;8(8):CD007407. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007407.pub4Williams ACC, Fisher E, Hearn L, Eccleston C. Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;8(8):CD007407. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007407.pub4Pike A, Hearn L, de C Williams AC. Effectiveness of psychological interventions for chronic pain on health care use and work absence: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain. 2016;157(4):777-785. Erratum in: Pain. 2017;158(7):1398. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000434Pike A, Hearn L, de C Williams AC. Effectiveness of psychological interventions for chronic pain on health care use and work absence: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain. 2016;157(4):777-785. Erratum in: Pain. 2017;158(7):1398. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000434Jensen KB, Kosek E, Wicksell R, Kemani M, Olsson G, Merle JV, et al. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy increases pain-evoked activation of the prefrontal cortex in patients with fibromyalgia. Pain. 2012;153(7):1495-1503. Erratum in: Pain. 2012;153(9):1982. PMID: 22617632.doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.04.010Jensen KB, Kosek E, Wicksell R, Kemani M, Olsson G, Merle JV, et al. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy increases pain-evoked activation of the prefrontal cortex in patients with fibromyalgia. Pain. 2012;153(7):1495-1503. Erratum in: Pain. 2012;153(9):1982. PMID: 22617632.doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.04.010Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Eschweiler J, Baroncini A, Bell A, Colarossi G. Duloxetine for fibromyalgia syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18(1):504. doi: 10.1186/s13018-023-03995-zMigliorini F, Maffulli N, Eschweiler J, Baroncini A, Bell A, Colarossi G. Duloxetine for fibromyalgia syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18(1):504. doi: 10.1186/s13018-023-03995-zGiorgi V, Sarzi-Puttini P, Pellegrino G, Sirotti S, Atzeni F, Alciati A, et al. Pharmacological Treatment of Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Practice-Based Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2024;28(12):1349-1363. doi: 10.1007/s11916-024-01277-9Giorgi V, Sarzi-Puttini P, Pellegrino G, Sirotti S, Atzeni F, Alciati A, et al. Pharmacological Treatment of Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Practice-Based Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2024;28(12):1349-1363. doi: 10.1007/s11916-024-01277-9Selmi C, Chimenti MS, Novelli L, Parikh BK, Morello F, de Vlam K, et al. Pain in axial spondyloarthritis: role of the JAK/STAT pathway. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1341981. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341981Selmi C, Chimenti MS, Novelli L, Parikh BK, Morello F, de Vlam K, et al. Pain in axial spondyloarthritis: role of the JAK/STAT pathway. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1341981. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341981Ogdie A, de Vlam K, McInnes IB, Mease PJ, Baer P, Lukic T, et al. Efficacy of tofacitinib in reducing pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. RMD Open. 2020;6(1):e001042. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001042Ogdie A, de Vlam K, McInnes IB, Mease PJ, Baer P, Lukic T, et al. Efficacy of tofacitinib in reducing pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. RMD Open. 2020;6(1):e001042. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001042Salaffi F, Carotti M, Farah S, Ceccarelli L, Giovagnoni A, Di Carlo M. Early response to JAK inhibitors on central sensitization and pain catastrophizing in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacology. 2022;30(3):1119-1128. doi: 10.1007/s10787-022-00995-zSalaffi F, Carotti M, Farah S, Ceccarelli L, Giovagnoni A, Di Carlo M. Early response to JAK inhibitors on central sensitization and pain catastrophizing in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacology. 2022;30(3):1119-1128. doi: 10.1007/s10787-022-00995-z

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.