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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">therapeutic</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Южно-Российский журнал терапевтической практики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-8156</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8344</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РостГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2712-8156-2026-7-2-21-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">therapeutic-704</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Маркеры когнитивных нарушений при сосудистых когнитивных расстройствах (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Markers of cognitive impairment in vascular cognitiva disorders (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7349-412X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даудова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Daudova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Даудова Анжела Абдулкадыровна, врач-невролог; старший преподаватель кафедры неврологии и нейрореабилитации, Академия постдипломного образования</p><p>Махачкала, Дагестан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anzhela A. Daudova, neurologist, Municipal Clinical Hospital;Senior Lecturer, Department ofNeurology and Neurorehabilitation, Academy of Postgraduate Education</p><p>Makhachkala, Dagestan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uzdgmkb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-9270</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кипарисова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiparisova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кипарисова Елена Сергеевна, д. м. н., профессор кафедры неврологии и нейрореабилитации</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Kiparisova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Academy of Postgraduate Education</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kiparisova-es@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Махачкалинская клиническая больница ФГБУЗ «Южный окружной медицинский центр Федерального медико-биологического агентства» России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Makhachkala Clinical Hospital, Southern District Medical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия постдипломного образования Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства» России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of Postgraduate Education, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Даудова А.А., Кипарисова Е.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Даудова А.А., Кипарисова Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Daudova A.A., Kiparisova E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.therapeutic-j.ru/jour/article/view/704">https://www.therapeutic-j.ru/jour/article/view/704</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей статье представлен обзор клинико-инструментальных и нейровизуализационных маркеров когнитивных нарушений (КН) при сосудистых когнитивных расстройствах, в том числе при хронической ишемии головного мозга. Актуальность исследования обусловлена высокой распространённостью когнитивных нарушений сосудистого генеза и их значимым влиянием на качество жизни пациентов, а также необходимостью их ранней и точной диагностики. Анализ основан на данных клинических шкал, ультразвукового дуплексного сканирования брахиоцефальных артерий (УЗДС БЦА) и магнитно-резонансной томографии головного мозга (МРТ). В рамках работы оценивались ключевые маркеры сосудистого и нейродегенеративного поражения, включая степень стеноза и окклюзии артерий, характеристики атеросклеротических бляшек, а также нейровизуализационные признаки (лейкоареоз, лакунарные инфаркты, атрофия мозговой ткани, микрокровоизлияния). Показано, что диагностика КН требует комплексного подхода, в котором ведущая роль отводится объективной оценке когнитивных функций с использованием стандартизированных шкал и опросников. Наиболее информативными инструментами скрининга в клинической практике являются шкалы MoCA и Mini-Cog, позволяющие выявлять как умеренные, так и более выраженные когнитивные нарушения. Комплексное применение нейропсихологического тестирования и методов нейровизуализации повышает точность диагностики, позволяет уточнить генез когнитивного дефицита и определить дальнейшую тактику ведения пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article presents an analysis of the clinical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging features of mild to moderate cognitive impairment (CI) in vascular cognitiva disorders. The relevance of the study is due to the high prevalence of cognitive disorders of vascular origin, their significant impact on patients’ quality of life, and the need for their early and accurate diagnosis. The analysis is based on data from clinical scales, ultrasound duplex scanning of the brachiocephalic arteries, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Key markers of vascular and neurodegenerative damage were assessed, including the degree of arterial stenosis and occlusion, characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques, as well as neuroimaging signs such as leukoaraiosis, lacunar infarcts, brain tissue atrophy, and microbleeds. It is shown that the diagnosis of CI requires a comprehensive approach, in which the leading role is given to the objective assessment of cognitive functions using standardized scales and questionnaires. The most informative screening tools in clinical practice are the MoCA and Mini-Cog scales, which can detect both moderate and more pronounced cognitive impairments. The combined use of neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging methods improves diagnostic accuracy, helps clarify the origin of the cognitive deficit, and determines further patient management strategies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сосудистые когнитивные расстройства</kwd><kwd>хроническая ишемия головного мозга</kwd><kwd>умеренные&#13;
когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>нейропсихологическое тестирование</kwd><kwd>скрининг когнитивных нарушений</kwd><kwd>Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)</kwd><kwd>Mini-Cog</kwd><kwd>МРТ головного мозга</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое дуплексное сканирование брахиоцефальных&#13;
артерий</kwd><kwd>лейкоареоз</kwd><kwd>лакунарные инфаркты</kwd><kwd>церебральная атрофия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vascular cognitive disorders</kwd><kwd>moderate cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>neuropsychological testing</kwd><kwd>screening of&#13;
cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)</kwd><kwd>Mini-Cog</kwd><kwd>MRI of the brain</kwd><kwd>ultrasound duplex scanning of&#13;
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