Preview

South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice

Advanced search

Hepatorenal syndrome: criteria and problems of diagnosis (part II)

https://doi.org/10.21886/2712-8156-2022-3-1-20-25

Abstract

Hepatorenal syndrome, the extreme manifestation of renal impairment in patients with cirrhosis, is characterized by reduction in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Hepatorenal syndrome is diagnosed when kidney function is reduced but evidence of intrinsic kidney disease is absent. Unlike other causes of kidney injury, hepatorenal syndrome results from functional changes in the renal circulation and is potentially reversible. An analysis of literature reviews, clinical studies, experimental research, clinical recommendations from PubMed / Medline and ELIBRARY databases was carried out for 7 keywords according to the review topic.

About the Authors

E. S. Krutikov
S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy of Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Russian Federation

Evgeniy S. Krutikov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, head Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine, S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy of Vernadsky Crimean Federal University.

Simferopol.



A. N. Vostrikova
S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy of Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Russian Federation

Aleksandra N. Vostrikova - student, Chair of Internal Medicine No. 1, S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy of Vernadsky Crimean Federal University.

Simferopol.



M. S. Krutikova
S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy of Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Russian Federation

Marina S. Krutikova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Chair of Internal Medicine No. 1 S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy of Vernadsky Crimean Federal University.

Simferopol.



References

1. Scarpellini E., Luigiano C., Svegliati-Baroni G., Dumitrascu D., Larussa T., Santori V., et al. Liver Cirrhosis Complications M anagement at the Emergency Department. Rev Recent. Clin Trials. 2020;15(4):331-338. DOI: 10.2174/1574887115666200603160816

2. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2018;69(2):406-460. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024

3. Angeli P., Garcia-Tsao G., Nadim M.K., Parikh C.R. News in pathophysiology, definition and classification of hepatorenal syndrome: A step beyond the International Club of Ascites (ICA) consensus document. J Hepatol. 2019;71(4):811-822. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.07.002

4. Simonetto D. A., Gines P., Kamath P.S. Hepatorenal syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. BMJ. 2020;370:m2687. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m2687

5. Alessandria C., Ozdogan O., Guevara M., RestucciaT., Jimenez W., Arroyo V., et al. MELD score and clinical type predict prognosis in hepatorenal syndrome: Relevance to liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2005;41:1282-1289. DOI: 10.1002/hep.20687.

6. Bucsics T., Krones E. Renal dysfunction in cirrhosis: acute kidney injury and the hepatorenal syndrome. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2017;5(2):127-137. DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gox009

7. Tujios S.R., Hynan L.S., Vazquez M.A., Larson A.M., Seremba E., Sanders C.M., et al. Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury in patients with acute liver failure. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13:352-359. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.07.011.

8. Mindikoglu A. L. New Developments in hepatorenal syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2018; 16(2): 162-177. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.05.041

9. Trawa^ J.M., Paradis V., Rautou P.E., Francoz C., Escolano S., Sal^e M., et al. The spectrum of renal lesions in patients with cirrhosis: a clinicopathological study. Liver Int. 2010;30:725-732. DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02182.x

10. Sherman DS, Fish DN, Teitelbaum I. Assessing renal function in cirrhotic patients: problems and pitfalls. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41:269-278. DOI: 10.1053/ajkd.2003.50035

11. Francoz C, Glotz D, Moreau R, Durand F. The evaluation of renal function and disease in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2010;52:605-613. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.11.025

12. Cocchetto DM, Tschanz C, Bjornsson TD. Decreased rate of creatinine production in patients with hepatic disease: implications for estimation of creatinine clearance. Ther Drug Monit. 1983;5:161-168. DOI: 10.1097/00007691-19830600000002

13. Francoz C., Prie D., Abdelrazek W. Moreau R., Mandot A., Belghiti J., et al. Inaccuracies of creatinine and creatinine-based equations in candidates for liver transplantation with low creatinine: impact on the model for end-stage liver disease score. Liver Transplant. 2010;16:1169-77. DOI: 10.1002/lt.22128

14. Nadim M.K., Kellum J.A., Davenport A., Wong F., Davis C., Pannu N., et al. Hepatorenal syndrome: the 8th international consensus conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group. Crit Care. 2012;16:R23. DOI: 10.1186/cc11188

15. Stevens L.A., Coresh J., Greene T., Levey A.S. Assessing kidney function--measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate. N Engl J Med. 2006; 354:2473-2483. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra054415

16. Cholongitas E, Shusang V, Marelli L., Nair D., Thomas M., Patch D., et al. Review article: renal function assessment in cirrhosis— difficulties and alternative measurements. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26:969-978. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03443.x

17. Krones E., Fickert P., Zitta S. Neunherz S.,Artinger K.,Reibnegger G. et al. The chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation combining creatinine and cystatin C accurately assesses renal function in patients with cirrhosis. BMC Nephrol. 2015;16:1-10. DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0188-0

18. Mindikoglu A.L., Dowling T.C., Weir M.R., Seliger S.L., Christenson R.H., Magder L.S. Performance of chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration creatinine-cystatin C equation for estimating kidney function in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2014;59:1532-1542. DOI: 10.1002/hep.26556

19. Arroyo V. A new method for therapeutic paracentesis: The automated low flow pump system. Comments in the context of the history of paracentesis. J Hepathology. 2013;58(5):850-852. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.037

20. Stevens L.A., Schmid C.H., Greene T. Li L., Beck G.J., Joffe M.M., et al. Factors other than glomerular filtration rate affect serum cystatin C levels. Kidney Int. 2009;75:652-60. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.638

21. Al-Hazmi SF., Gad H.G.M., Alamoudi A.A., Eldakhakhny B.M., Binmahfooz S.K., Alhozali A.M. Evaluation of early biomarkers of renal dysfunction in diabetic patients. Saudi Med J. 2020;41(7):690-697. DOI: 10.15537/smj.2020.7.25168.

22. Rao X., Wan M., Qiu C., Jiang C. Role of cystatin C in renal damage and the optimum cut-off point of renal damage among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Experimental and therapeutic medicine. 2014; 8(3): 887-892. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1815

23. Singal Russ K.B., Stevens T.M., Singal A.K. Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Cirrhosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2015;3(3):195-04. DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2015.00015

24. Martm-LlafuM, Guevara M, Torre A, Fagundes C, Restuccia T, Gilabert R, et al. Prognostic importance of the cause of renal failure in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(2):488. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.07.043

25. Mandorfer M., Bota S., Schwabl P., Bucsics T., Pfisterer N., Kruzik M., et al. Nonselective в blockers increase risk for hepatorenal syndrome and death in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology. 2014;146:1680-90.el. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.03.005

26. Boyer T.D., Sanyal A.J., Wong F., Frederick R.T., Lake J.R., O'Leary J.G., et al. Terlipressin plus albumin is more effective than albumin alone in improving renal function in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome type 1. Gastroenterology. 2016;150:1579-1589. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.026

27. Cavallin M., Kamath P.S., Merli M., Fasolato S., Toniutto P., Salerno F., et al. Terlipressin plus albumin vs. midodrine and octreotide plus albumin in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: A randomized trial. Hepatology. 2015;62:567-574. DOI: 10.1002/hep.27709

28. Cavallin M., Piano S., Romano A., Fasolato S., Frigo A.C., Benetti G., et al. Terlipressin given by continuous intravenous infusion vs. intravenous boluses in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: A randomized controlled study. Hepatology. 2016;63:983-992. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28396

29. Piano S., Schmidt H.H., Ariza X., Amoros A., Romano A., Sola E., et al. Impact of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure on response to treatment with terlipressin and albumin in patients with type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. Digestive and Liver Disease. 2017;49(1): e54. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2017.01.108

30. Глумчер Ф.С. Возможности применения альбумина в терапии критических состояний: современное состояние проблемы. Медицина неотложных состояний. 2014;2(57):65-73.

31. Смирнов А.В., Румянцев А.Ш.* от имени рабочей группы. Острое повреждение почек. Часть I. Нефрология. 2020;24(1):67- 95. DOI: 10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-1-67-95

32. Angeli P., Gines P., Wong F., Bernardi M., Boyer T.D., Gerbes A., et al. Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: revised consensus recommendations of the International Club of Ascites. J Hepatol. 2015;62:968-974. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.029

33. Nadim M.K., Durand F., Kellum J.A. Levitsky J., O'Leary J.G., Karvellas C.J., et al. Management of the critically ill patient with cirrhosis: A multidisciplinary perspective. J Hepatol. 2016; 64:717-735. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.10.019

34. O'Leary J.G., Levitsky J., Wong F., Nadim M. K., Charlton M., Kim W. R. Protecting the kidney in liver transplant candidates Practice Based Recommendations from the American Society of Transplantation Liver and Intestine Community of Practice. Am J Transplant. 2016;16(9):2516-2531. DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13790

35. Mindikoglu A.L., Dowling T.C., Wong-You-Cheong J.J., Christenson R.H., Magder L. S., Hutson W. R., et al. A pilot study to evaluate renal hemodynamics in cirrhosis by simultaneous glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, renal resistive indices and biomarkers measurements. Am J Nephrol. 2014; 39:543-552. DOI: 10.1159/000363584

36. Rivolta R., Maggi A., Cazzaniga M., Castagnone D.,Panzeri A., Solenghi D., et al. Reduction of renal cortical blood flow assessed by Doppler in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites. Hepatology. 1998; 28:1235-1240. DOI: 10.1002/hep.510280510

37. Mindikoglu A.L., Weir M.R. Current concepts in the diagnosis and classification of renal dysfunction in cirrhosis. Am J Nephrol. 2013; 38:345-354. DOI: 10.1159/000355540

38. Fagundes C., Pepin M.N., Guevara M., Barreto R., Casals G., Sola E., et al. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as biomarker in the differential diagnosis of impairment of kidney function in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2012; 57:267-273. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.03.015

39. Belcher J.M., Sanyal A.J., Peixoto A.J., Perazella M.A., Lim J., Thiessen-Philbrook H., et al. Kidney biomarkers and differential diagnosis of patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury. Hepatology. 2014; 60:622-632. DOI: 10.1002/hep.26980

40. Лихота О.С., Цикуниб А.Д. Особенности метаболизма и маркеры биохимических нарушений в печени при гепатитах. Наука: комплексные проблемы. - 2017;1(9):4-11.

41. Саварина В.А., Мицура В.М., Скуратов А.Г., Мартемьянова Л.А. Проблемы диагностики гепаторенального синдрома в практике клинициста и патологоанатома. Проблемы Здоровья и Экологии. 2020;65(3):49-55.

42. Сливка Н.А., Вирстюк Н.Г., Давыденко И.С., Мартынюк Г.А., Бевз Т.И., Гайдуков В.А. Гистологические изменения почек при гепаторенальном синдроме на фоне алкогольного цирроза печени. Клиническая и экспериментальная патология. 2018;4(66):71-75. DOI: 10.24061/1727-4338.XVII.4.66.2018.191

43. Вирстюк Н.Г., Сливка Н.А. Диагностическая ценность допплерографического исследования при гепаторенальном синдроме. Гастроэнтерология. 2017;1(51):8-15. DOI: 10.22141/2308-2097.51.1.2017.97866


Review

For citations:


Krutikov E.S., Vostrikova A.N., Krutikova M.S. Hepatorenal syndrome: criteria and problems of diagnosis (part II). South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice. 2022;3(1):20-25. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21886/2712-8156-2022-3-1-20-25

Views: 3371


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2712-8156 (Print)