The nature of remodeling of the left and right ventricles of the heart in patients with isolated and comorbid cardiac pathology
https://doi.org/10.21886/2712-8156-2026-7-3-53-63
Abstract
Objective: to compare ultrasound characteristics of the left and right ventricles of the heart in patients with isolated arterial hypertension (AH) and those with a combination of hypertension and coronary artery disease (CHD). Materials and methods: the study included 98 patients, divided into three groups: group 1 — patients with hypertension (n=37), group 2 — comorbid patients with a combination of hypertension and ischemic heart disease (n=40), group 3 (control) — individuals without clinically manifested cardiovascular diseases (n=21), matched by gender and age. Echocardiographic examination was performed using the Philips Epiq 5 system with the use of M-mode, B-mode, and various Dopplerography options. A total of 54 indicators characterizing the structural and functional state of the ventricles were analyzed. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 10 program; the significance of differences was determined at p<0.05. Results: in patients with combined pathology (hypertension and ischemic heart disease), more pronounced left ventricular (LV) remodeling was observed compared to patients with isolated hypertension: the thickness of the interventricular septum and the posterior wall of the LV, the LV myocardial mass index, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and dimensions were statistically significantly increased; changes in the transverse diameter and length of the longitudinal axis were also noted, indicating a disruption of the ellipsoidal geometry of the LV. In the right ventricle (RV), under conditions of comorbidity, a significant enlargement of the cavity was observed, along with an increase in the area during systole and the transverse diameter during systole and diastole, elongation of the longitudinal axis, and an increase in the sphericity index, which reflected the processes of RV remodeling. The systolic function of the ventricles in both groups remained within the normal range. The parameters of left ventricular diastolic function did not differ significantly between the groups with isolated and combined pathology. At the same time, in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease, an exacerbation of right ventricular diastolic dysfunction was detected against the background of comorbidity. Conclusion: combined cardiac pathology (AH and САD) is associated with more pronounced structural remodeling of both the left and right ventricles compared to isolated hypertension. At the same time, diastolic dysfunction of the right ventricle progresses against the background of comorbidity, while the parameters of diastolic function of the left ventricle remain comparable. The data obtained highlight the need for an extended echocardiographic assessment of the condition of both ventricles in patients with concomitant cardiovascular diseases to clarify the risk of cardiovascular complications (CVC) and optimize management strategies.
About the Authors
S. S. TorosyanRussian Federation
Sirarpi S. Torosyan, cardiologist
Rostov-on-Don
L. V. Аrutyunyan
Russian Federation
Liana V. Arutyunyan, Assistant of the Department of Cardiology, Rheumatology and Functional Diagnostics
Rostov-on-Don
A. A. Pirozhenko
Russian Federation
Anna A. Pirozhenko, Associate Professor at the Department of Therapy
Rostov-on-Don
N. V. Drobotya
Russian Federation
Natalya V. Drobotya, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Cardiology, Rheumatology and Functional Diagnostics
Rostov-on-Don
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Review
For citations:
Torosyan S.S., Аrutyunyan L.V., Pirozhenko A.A., Drobotya N.V. The nature of remodeling of the left and right ventricles of the heart in patients with isolated and comorbid cardiac pathology. South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice. 2026;7(3):53-63. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21886/2712-8156-2026-7-3-53-63
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