Polyps and cancer of the biliary system (lecture for medical practitioners)

The widespread use and availability in сlinical practice of diagnostic research methods (ultrasound, CT, MRI), which allow visualizing the abdominal organs (including the gallbladder and bile ducts), has led to a significant increase in the detection rate of gallbladder polyps. In some cases, these polyps can be considered from the point of view of precancerous diseases and lead to the development of gastric cancer. Algorithms for the diagnosis and management of patients have been proposed, depending on the size of the polyp, its characteristics, and the comorbidity of the patient. These algorithms should help primary care physicians to influence the risk of developing malignant neoplasms of the biliary tract.
The article highlights the issues of etiology, clinical course, modern diagnostic methods, as well as the possibility of surgical treatment of tumors of the biliary tract. An overview of the possibilities of various diagnostic methods for examining the biliary system is presented: ultrasound research method (including endoscopic), MRI, CT. The most effective methods of additional examination of patients with difficulties in differential diagnosis are shown.

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